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Related Concept Videos

Formation of Species01:31

Formation of Species

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Speciation describes the formation of one or more new species from one or sometimes multiple original species. The resulting species are discrete from the parent species, and barriers to reproduction will typically exist. There are two primary mechanisms, speciation with and without geographic isolation—allopatric and sympatric speciation, respectively.
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Speciation Rates01:07

Speciation Rates

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Overview
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Genetics of Speciation02:16

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Speciation is the evolutionary process resulting in the formation of new, distinct species—groups of reproductively isolated populations.
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Gene Flow02:39

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Gene flow is the transfer of genes among populations, resulting from either the dispersal of gametes or from the migration of individuals.
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Natural selection—probably the most well-known evolutionary mechanism—increases the prevalence of traits that enhance survival and reproduction. However, evolution does not merely propagate favorable traits, nor does it always benefit populations.
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Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

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Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 15, 2026

Biological Samples Preparation for Speciation at Cryogenic Temperature using High-Resolution X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy
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Biological Samples Preparation for Speciation at Cryogenic Temperature using High-Resolution X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy

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Transverse Alpine Speciation Driven by Glaciation.

Graham P Wallis1, Jonathan M Waters1, Phaedra Upton2

  • 1Department of Zoology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand.

Trends in Ecology & Evolution
|September 20, 2016
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Glaciation in temperate mountains, like the Southern Alps, drives speciation by isolating populations. This study reveals glaciation

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Ecology
  • Geology

Background:

  • The allopatric speciation model explains species formation via geographic isolation.
  • Evidence links Pleistocene glaciations to new alpine lineages globally.
  • The Southern Alps in New Zealand provide a key case study.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate glaciation as a driver of speciation across the Southern Alps.
  • To establish a timeframe for this speciation event.
  • To propose a general model for mountain speciation.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of genetic analyses.
  • Integration of tectonic and climatic models.
  • Application of population-genetic models.

Main Results:

  • Glaciation is identified as the primary speciation driver transverse to the Southern Alps.
  • New molecular evolution and tectonic uplift calibrations suggest a ~2 million-year timeframe.
  • Glaciation's creative role in biodiversity generation is demonstrated.

Conclusions:

  • Glaciation actively promotes biodiversity through speciation in temperate mountain systems.
  • A general model for speciation on temperate mountains worldwide is proposed.
  • This research reframes glaciation's impact on biodiversity.