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Determination of the Settling Rate of Clay/Cyanobacterial Floccules
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Floc compaction during ballasted aggregation.

J Sieliechi1, B Lartiges2, S Skali-Lami3

  • 1ENSAIT-IUT, University of Ngaoudere, P.O. Box 455, Cameroon.

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Ballasted aggregation improves floc settling in humic-rich waters not just by increasing weight, but by restructuring flocs into a more compact form using agents like pozzolana particles.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Water Treatment Technologies
  • Colloid and Surface Chemistry

Background:

  • Humic-rich waters form low-density aggregates, hindering effective floc settling in water treatment.
  • Ballasted aggregation is a promising technique to enhance floc settling performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanisms behind improved floc settling in ballasted aggregation.
  • To determine if increased specific weight or structural changes are responsible for enhanced settling.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized aquagenic humic acid coagulated with ferric chloride.
  • Incorporated pozzolana particles as a ballasting agent.
  • Analyzed floc restructuring through lag time, fractal dimension, and sediment volume.

Main Results:

  • Ballasted aggregation significantly restructures flocs into a more compact form.
  • Increased specific weight alone does not fully explain improved settling.
  • Higher fractal dimensions and reduced sediment volume were observed with ballasting agents.

Conclusions:

  • Floc restructuring, leading to increased compactness, is a key factor in improved settling during ballasted aggregation.
  • The addition of ballasting agents like pozzolana induces significant structural changes in flocs.
  • A model for floc compaction under turbulent conditions was proposed.