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Electric-field Control of Electronic States in WS2 Nanodevices by Electrolyte Gating

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Published on: April 12, 2018

Transparent conducting oxide induced by liquid electrolyte gating.

Carlos ViolBarbosa¹, Julie Karel¹, Janos Kiss¹

¹Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, Dresden 01187, Germany.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

|September 21, 2016

Summary

Ionic liquid gating creates a metallic phase in tungsten oxide (WO3) by forming new in-gap states, not altering the bandgap. This method tunes conductivity while maintaining visible transparency for advanced electronic applications.

Keywords:

TCO electrolyte gating metal–insulator transition transparent conducting oxide

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Condensed Matter Physics
Surface Science

Background:

Optically transparent conducting materials are crucial for displays, solar cells, and touchscreens.
Tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) is the standard, but alternatives are sought.
Ionic liquid gating offers a novel method to tune material properties.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the mechanism behind ionic liquid gating-induced metallicity in WO3.
To determine if the bandgap changes or if new electronic states form.
To confirm the material's transparency and conductivity tunability.

Main Methods:

Hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) to probe electronic structure.
Spectroscopic ellipsometry to analyze optical properties.
Ionic liquid gating to induce and control the metallic phase.

Main Results:

The metallic phase in WO3 arises from new in-gap states, not a bandgap change.
These states cause absorption below 1 eV, preserving visible transparency.
Gating reversibly alters atomic coordination without significant stoichiometry changes.
Conductivity is tuned over orders of magnitude.

Conclusions:

Ionic liquid gating creates a metallic, yet transparent, phase in WO3 via in-gap states.
This mechanism allows for tunable conductivity and maintains optical transparency.
WO3 with ionic liquid gating presents a promising alternative for transparent electronics.