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Eating disorders: from bench to bedside and back.

Silvana Gaetani1, Adele Romano1, Gustavo Provensi2

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Summary

The gut-brain axis involves communication between the brain and visceral organs, influencing eating behaviors and contributing to eating disorders. Research explores genetic and environmental factors impacting this axis for better treatment strategies.

Keywords:
animal models of eating disorderscentral neurotransmitter systemsfood consumptiongut-brain axisobesity

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gastroenterology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • The gut-brain axis facilitates bidirectional communication between the central nervous system and viscera, influencing feeding behavior.
  • Eating disorders like anorexia nervosa, binge eating, and obesity present a significant global health challenge.
  • Understanding the neurobiology of eating disorders is crucial for developing effective treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present novel perspectives on the neurobiology of eating disorders.
  • To bridge the gap between basic science research and clinical practice.
  • To explore the role of the gut-brain axis in eating disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical studies on genetic aspects of anorexia nervosa.
  • Presentation of preclinical studies using animal models for eating disorders.
  • Discussion of interactions between peripheral signals and central circuits governing food intake, mood, and stress.

Main Results:

  • Genetic factors contribute to the psychopathology of anorexia nervosa.
  • Animal models effectively mimic human eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa, obesity, and binge eating.
  • Peripheral signals and central circuits show complex interactions influencing eating, mood, and stress.

Conclusions:

  • The gut-brain axis, including communication with the microbiota, plays a critical role in physiological and pathological eating behaviors.
  • Factors such as genetics, early life stress, and gut hormones influence eating disorder development.
  • Further research into the gut-brain axis is essential for advancing eating disorder treatments.