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Finite Element Study on Continuous Rotating versus Reciprocating Nickel-Titanium Instruments.
Mohamed I El-Anwar1, Salah A Yousief2, Engy M Kataia3
1Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.
Brazilian Dental Journal
|September 23, 2016
Summary
M-Wire endodontic files show improved lifespan over conventional NiTi files, though both materials fail similarly under severe locking conditions. Instrument design, particularly cross-sectional area, also impacts file resistance to failure.
Area of Science:
- Biomaterials Science
- Mechanical Engineering
- Endodontics
Background:
- Endodontic file fracture remains a clinical concern, impacting treatment success.
- Understanding material properties and design effects is crucial for improving instrument durability.
- Continuous rotating and reciprocating file systems have different biomechanical behaviors.
Purpose of the Study:
- To numerically compare the lifespan of continuous rotating (GTX, ProTaper) and reciprocating (WaveOne) endodontic files.
- To evaluate the effect of instrument design and manufacturing material (NiTi vs. M-Wire) on file failure.
- To provide a cost-effective and accurate comparison using finite element analysis.
Main Methods:
- Developed two 3D finite element models of endodontic files using CAD/CAM software.
- Defined multi-linear material properties using strain-stress data for NiTi and M-Wire.
- Performed non-linear static analysis simulating instruments in a root canal under torsion (0.3 N.cm) at a 45° apical angle.
Main Results:
- M-Wire demonstrated slightly higher resistance to failure compared to conventional NiTi.
- Both materials exhibited similar failure patterns under severe locking conditions.
- Larger cross-sectional areas (higher taper) showed better resistance to failure.
- Instrument cross-sectional shape and cutting angles influenced cutting efficiency.
Conclusions:
- M-Wire endodontic files may offer a longer lifespan than conventional NiTi files for similar geometries.
- Instrument design, particularly taper and cross-sectional area, significantly influences resistance to fracture.
- Finite element analysis provides a valuable tool for comparing endodontic file performance and material properties.
