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[Primary malignant small bowel tumors].

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    Primary small bowel cancer is rare, often diagnosed late due to non-specific symptoms. Achieving complete surgical resection (R0) is challenging, impacting patient prognosis.

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    Area of Science:

    • Gastroenterology
    • Surgical Oncology
    • Oncology

    Background:

    • Small bowel tumors constitute a small percentage (1-3%) of all gastrointestinal malignancies.
    • Despite its length, the small intestine is rarely the primary site of cancer.
    • This review covers epidemiology, localization, symptoms, diagnostics, and treatment of primary malignant small bowel tumors.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To provide a comprehensive review of primary malignant small bowel tumors.
    • To discuss current diagnostic and treatment strategies.
    • To highlight challenges in early detection and surgical management.

    Main Methods:

    • A systematic literature review was conducted.
    • Databases searched include Medline, Scopus, and Google Scholar.
    • Focus was on studies concerning small bowel cancer.

    Main Results:

    • Adenocarcinoma (30-40%), neuroendocrine tumors (35-44%), lymphomas (10-20%), and gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST, 12-18%) are the most common types.
    • Symptoms are often non-specific, leading to late-stage diagnosis.
    • Diagnostic tools range from standard endoscopy and CT to advanced techniques like capsule enteroscopy and octreotide scans.

    Conclusions:

    • Small bowel cancer is infrequent, with diagnosis often delayed.
    • R0 surgical resection is frequently difficult due to advanced disease.
    • Prognosis is significantly affected by late diagnosis and tumor type.