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Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease: an update
Duy Le Pham1, Ji-Ho Lee, Hae-Sim Park
1aDepartment of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine bDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea cFaculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) involves complex pathophysiology including eicosanoid metabolism, effector cell activation, and genetic factors. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for improving AERD diagnosis and treatment.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Pulmonology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) pathophysiology remains incompletely understood.
- Current diagnostic and treatment strategies for AERD lack standardization.
Purpose of the Study:
- To summarize recent research on AERD pathophysiology.
- To review diagnostic methods for AERD.
- To discuss current and emerging treatments for AERD.
Main Methods:
- Review of recent scientific literature on AERD.
- Analysis of pathological mechanisms, diagnostic approaches, and therapeutic options.
Main Results:
- AERD pathophysiology may involve E prostanoid 2 pathway dysfunction and direct eosinophil activation by aspirin.
- Genetic polymorphisms (e.g., P2RY12) and epigenetic factors are implicated in AERD.
- Bronchial/nasal aspirin challenges and serum periostin show diagnostic potential; biologics and CRTH2 antagonists are promising treatments.
Conclusions:
- AERD pathophysiology involves eicosanoid metabolism dysregulation, effector cell activation, and genetic/epigenetic influences.
- Improved understanding of AERD mechanisms is essential for enhancing diagnostic accuracy and patient management.
- Novel therapeutic strategies, including biologics, offer new hope for AERD treatment.
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