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First impressions play a crucial role in social perception, shaping how individuals assess others in professional, academic, and interpersonal contexts. Psychological research highlights the significance of cognitive biases, such as the primacy and recency effects, which influence how people interpret and recall information.The Primacy Effect and Cognitive AnchoringThe primacy effect describes the tendency for initial information to impact judgment disproportionately. When individuals encounter...
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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Social Psychology
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Social interactions involve inferring personal characteristics from appearance, potentially leading to prejudice.
  • The effects of negative bias on face perception and recognition memory remain underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neural underpinnings of how negative social bias affects face perception and recognition.
  • To examine event-related potentials (ERPs) associated with encoding and recognizing faces with positive or negative social connotations.

Main Methods:

  • Recorded 128-site ERPs from 16 volunteers during face encoding and recognition tasks.
  • Faces were presented with associated positive or negative anecdotal characteristics.
  • Utilized an old/new memory test and SwLORETA for source localization.

Main Results:

  • Negatively biased faces elicited larger anterior negativity during encoding, suggesting increased processing.
  • Recognition revealed a larger FN400 for new vs. old faces, and for positive vs. negative faces.
  • Remembering old faces involved right superior frontal gyrus, left medial temporal gyrus, and right fusiform gyrus activation; negative faces strongly activated limbic areas.

Conclusions:

  • Negative social bias modulates neural responses during face encoding and recognition.
  • A dissociation exists between familiarity (influenced by negative bias) and recollection (face recognition).
  • Neural correlates of memory for faces are distinct for positively and negatively biased individuals.