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Area of Science:

  • Microbial Ecology
  • Biogeochemistry
  • Oceanography

Background:

  • Microorganisms are crucial for global biogeochemical cycles.
  • High-throughput multiomic data (DNA, mRNA, protein) link microbial activity to ecosystem functions.
  • Oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) are critical marine environments with unique microbial processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a biogeochemical model of metabolic coupling along redox gradients in Saanich Inlet, an anoxic fjord.
  • To link microbial metabolic networks to nutrient and energy flow in OMZs.
  • To understand the role of microorganisms in carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur cycling within OMZs.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a biogeochemical model for a seasonally anoxic fjord (Saanich Inlet).
  • Integrated multiomic data (metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, metaproteomics) with geochemical profiles and process rates.
  • Simulated metabolic coupling along a redox gradient.

Main Results:

  • The model accurately reproduced measured biogeochemical rates and multiomic profiles.
  • Predicted microbial roles in carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur cycling, including nitrite leakage supporting carbon fixation and nitrogen loss.
  • Identified a metabolic niche for nitrous oxide reduction by uncharacterized microbes.

Conclusions:

  • Geochemical fluxes are robust indicators of microbial community structure.
  • Gene abundances and geochemical conditions significantly influence gene expression patterns.
  • Integrated multiomic and geochemical data in a model provide holistic insights into microbial metabolic networks driving ecosystem-scale nutrient and energy flow.