Cellular senescence in aging and osteoarthritis
Wei Seong Toh1,2, Mats Brittberg3,4, Jack Farr5
1a Faculty of Dentistry , National University of Singapore.
Acta Orthopaedica
|September 24, 2016
Summary
Cellular senescence impairs cartilage repair and contributes to osteoarthritis. Strategies to modulate senescence may improve cartilage regeneration in aging individuals.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Regenerative Medicine
- Orthopedics
Background:
- Age significantly impacts cartilage repair and osteoarthritis development.
- Cellular senescence, a loss of cell division, is a key factor in age-related cartilage dysfunction.
- Mechanisms include telomere erosion, DNA damage, oxidative stress, and inflammation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the causes and consequences of cellular senescence in cartilage.
- To discuss biological challenges in cartilage repair related to senescence.
- To present novel strategies for modulating senescence to enhance cartilage regeneration.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of cellular senescence in cartilage.
- Analysis of age-related changes in cartilage homeostasis and injury response.
- Exploration of potential therapeutic strategies targeting senescence.
Main Results:
- Cellular senescence is a primary driver of age-related cartilage degeneration.
- Senescence presents significant biological hurdles to effective cartilage repair.
- Emerging strategies aim to control senescence for improved regenerative outcomes.
Conclusions:
- Understanding cellular senescence is crucial for addressing age-related cartilage issues.
- Targeting senescence offers a promising avenue for improving cartilage repair in older populations.
- Further research into senescence modulation could revolutionize osteoarthritis treatment.
Related Concept Videos
01:19The Effect of Aging on Tissues
4.1K
Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
4.1K
01:26Aging
945
Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
945
02:15Replicative Cell Senescence
3.4K
3.4K
02:15Replicative Cell Senescence
4.6K
Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds...
4.6K
01:29Bone Disorders
5.9K
Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
5.9K
01:37Mitochondria
21.1K
Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
21.1K