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The protons in unsubstituted alkanes are strongly shielded with chemical shifts below 1.8 ppm. Methine, methylene, and methyl protons appear at approximately 1.7, 1.2 and 0.7 ppm, while the proton signal from methane appears at 0.23 ppm. An electronegative substituent, such as chlorine, withdraws the electron density from the protons, increasing their chemical shift. Progressive substitution of the hydrogens in methane by chlorine shifts the proton signals increasingly downfield, to 3.05 ppm in...
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Radicals, the highly reactive species, gain stability by undergoing three different reactions. The first reaction involves a radical-radical coupling, in which a radical combines with another radical, forming a spin‐paired molecule. The second reaction is between a radical and a spin‐paired molecule, generating a new radical and a new spin‐paired molecule. The third reaction is radical decomposition in a unimolecular reaction, forming a new radical and a spin‐paired...
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Reducing the Matrix Effect in Organic Cluster SIMS Using Dynamic Reactive Ionization.

Hua Tian1, Andreas Wucher2, Nicholas Winograd3

  • 1Chemistry Department, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA. hut3@psu.edu.

Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry
|September 24, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dynamic reactive ionization (DRI) enhances protonated ion signals for depth profiling of thin films. This method overcomes matrix effects in polymer analysis, enabling more accurate quantitative secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) measurements.

Keywords:
Ar gas cluster ion beamDepth profilingDynamic reactive ionizationIrganoxMatrix effectSecondary ion mass spectrometry

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Area of Science:

  • Surface Science
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Dynamic reactive ionization (DRI) uses HCl-doped argon clusters to enhance protonation and reduce matrix effects in secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS).
  • Previous studies demonstrated DRI's efficacy in improving ionization and mitigating salt suppression in complex biological samples.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the potential of DRI for quantitative depth profiling of thin films.
  • To optimize DRI conditions for analyzing polymer multilayer systems.
  • To address matrix effects that hinder accurate SIMS quantitation.

Main Methods:

  • Depth profiling of a trehalose thin film to establish optimal DRI parameters.
  • Application of DRI to a multilayer system of polymer antioxidants (Irganox 1098 and 1010).
  • Comparative analysis of depth profiling using gas cluster ion beams (GCIB) versus DRI.

Main Results:

  • Optimal DRI conditions for depth profiling were defined using a trehalose model system.
  • DRI enhanced protonated ion signals for both Irganox components by 4- to 15-fold compared to GCIB.
  • Uniform depth profiling was achieved in positive ion mode, with minimal matrix effects in negative ion mode.

Conclusions:

  • DRI significantly improves quantitative depth profiling of polymer multilayer films by enhancing ion signals.
  • The methodology effectively mitigates matrix effects, enabling more accurate SIMS analysis.
  • DRI presents a novel strategy for overcoming challenges in quantitative SIMS measurements.