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Transcriptomic Study on Ovine Immune Responses to Fasciola hepatica Infection.

Yan Fu1, Andreas L Chryssafidis1, John A Browne2

  • 1UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.

Plos Neglected Tropical Diseases
|September 24, 2016
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Summary

This study reveals how Fasciola hepatica infection alters sheep immune cell gene expression, identifying key pathways and regulators involved in the host response. Findings aid in developing new vaccines against this significant livestock and food-borne parasite.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Parasitology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Fasciola hepatica causes significant economic losses in livestock and poses a food-borne zoonotic risk to 180 million people globally.
  • The parasite adeptly manipulates host immune systems for survival, necessitating a deeper understanding of its immunomodulatory mechanisms for effective control strategies, including vaccine development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate global gene expression changes in ovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) during acute and chronic Fasciola hepatica infection.
  • To identify key transcriptional regulators and immune-associated pathways modulated by F. hepatica infection in sheep.

Main Methods:

  • Global transcriptomic analysis using deep-sequencing (RNA-Seq) of ovine PBMCs.
  • In vivo study design to assess host response to both acute and chronic F. hepatica infection.
  • Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) to identify significantly altered biological pathways.

Main Results:

  • Identified 6490 and 2364 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in acute and chronic infections, respectively.
  • Revealed significant inhibition of transcriptional regulators like IL12 and IL18, and activation of miR155-5p in PBMCs.
  • Highlighted immune pathways including TGFβ signaling, Nitric Oxide Production in Macrophages, TLRs Signaling, Death Receptor Signaling, and IL17 Signaling.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a comprehensive transcriptomic dataset of ovine PBMCs in response to F. hepatica infection.
  • Offers novel insights into the pathological processes of fasciolosis and potential immunomodulatory mechanisms.
  • Establishes a foundation for refining vaccine development against F. hepatica.