Minimally Invasive Mitral Valve Surgery III: Training and Robotic-Assisted Approaches

Eric J Lehr1, T Sloane Guy, Robert L Smith

  • 1From the *Swedish Heart and Vascular Institute, Seattle, WA USA; †Temple University, Philadelphia, PA USA; ‡The Heart Hospital Baylor Plano, Plano, TX USA; §New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY USA; ∥David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA; ¶St. Thomas Hospital, Nashville, TN USA; #University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA; **Saint Elizabeth's Medical Center, Brighton, MA USA; ††Holy Spirit Northside Hospital, Chermside, Australia; ‡‡Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA USA; §§Gulf Coast Cardiothoracic & Vascular Surgeons, Ft. Myers, FL USA; ∥∥East Bay Cardiac Surgery Center, Oakland, CA USA; ¶¶Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA; ##Penrose St. Francis Hospital, Colorado Springs, CO USA; ***Emory St. Joseph's Hospital, Atlanta, GA USA; †††Weill Cornell Medical College/New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY USA; ‡‡‡South Florida Heart & Lung Institute, Doral, FL USA; §§§TriHealth Heart Institute, Cincinnati, OH USA; ∥∥∥Northeast Georgia Physicians Group, Gainesville, GA USA; ¶¶¶Central Maine Heart and Vascular Institute, Lewiston, ME USA; ###Lankenau Medical Center, Wynnewood, PA USA; and ****Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Princeton Baptist Hospital, Birmingham, AL USA.

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