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Allergic rhinitis, rhinoconjunctivitis, and eczema: prevalence and associated factors in children
Sheetu Singh1, Bharat Bhushan Sharma2, Sundeep Salvi3
1Institute of Respiratory Disease, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
Insights
Allergic rhinitis, rhinoconjunctivitis, and eczema are common in Indian children. Maternal smoking and environmental factors like air pollution are significantly associated with these conditions.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Allergy and Immunology
- Environmental Health
Background:
- Allergic diseases pose a significant public health challenge globally.
- Understanding the prevalence and risk factors in diverse populations is crucial for targeted interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To describe the prevalence and associated factors of allergic rhinitis, rhinoconjunctivitis, and eczema in Indian children.
- To analyze data from Phase 3 of the International Study of Asthma and Allergy in Childhood (ISAAC) in India.
Main Methods:
- Utilized the ISAAC protocol for data collection.
- Included children aged 6-7 and 13-14 years.
- Assessed allergy symptoms and associated features via questionnaires.
Main Results:
- Prevalence rates: Allergic rhinitis (11.3% in younger, 24.4% in older children), Rhinoconjunctivitis (3.9% in younger, 10.9% in older), Eczema (2.8% in younger, 3.7% in older).
- Significant associations found with truck traffic, parental smoking, paracetamol/antibiotic use, firewood cooking, and TV watching.
- Maternal smoking emerged as a strong risk factor, particularly in younger children (ORs ranging from 1.9 to 3.5).
Conclusions:
- Allergic rhinitis, rhinoconjunctivitis, and eczema are prevalent in Indian children.
- Environmental tobacco smoke, paracetamol, antibiotics, TV use, and air pollution are linked to these conditions.
- Highlights the impact of environmental exposures on childhood allergies in India.
Objective:
We aim to describe the data collected from India during phase 3 of the International study of asthma and allergy in childhood (ISAAC) study. Prevalence, severity, and population characteristics associated with rhinitis, rhinoconjunctivitis, and eczema were assessed.
Methods:
Children from two age groups (6-7 and 13-14 years) were included in the study as per the ISAAC protocol. The symptoms of allergy and associated features were assessed using a questionnaire.
Results:
The prevalence of allergic rhinitis among the 6-7 years age group was 11.3%, while it was 24.4% in the 13-14 years age group. The prevalence of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis was 3.9% in the 6-7 years age group and 10.9% in the 13-14 years age group. The prevalence of eczema was 2.8% in the 6-7 years age group and 3.7% in the 13-14 years age group. The passage of trucks near home, parental smoking, use of paracetamol, use of antibiotics, cooking with firewood, and television watching were associated with allergic rhinitis, rhinoconjunctivitis, and eczema. Maternal smoking was the strongest of all the associated features for allergic rhinitis, rhinoconjunctivitis, and eczema, especially in the 6-7 years age group (odds ratio: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.5-2.4; odds ratio: 2.9, 95% CI, 2.2-3.9; and odds ratio: 3.5, 95% CI: 2.6-4.8, respectively).
Conclusion:
Allergic conditions like allergic rhinitis, rhinoconjunctivitis, and eczema are prevalent among Indian children and are associated with environmental tobacco smoke, paracetamol use, antibiotic use, television watching, and outdoor and indoor air pollution.
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