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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is marked by...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
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Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

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Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy01:30

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Various diagnostic tests are employed in the diagnostic process for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), particularly to differentiate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Diagnostic studies
A colonoscopy is the definitive screening test, distinguishing ulcerative colitis from other colon diseases with similar symptoms. During a colonoscopy test, inflamed mucosa with exudate ulcerations can be observed, and biopsies are taken to determine the histologic characteristics of the...
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Irritable Bowel Syndrome I: Introduction01:17

Irritable Bowel Syndrome I: Introduction

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Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is characterized by functional disturbances in the gastrointestinal system, presenting a cluster of symptoms without evident structural or biochemical abnormalities. It primarily affects the large intestine and may cause abdominal pain, bloating, excessive gas, diarrhea, constipation, or both.
IBS is a chronic condition that can persist over a long period or recur frequently.
The pathogenesis of IBS involves a complex interplay of the following factors:
Altered...
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Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF01:24

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF

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Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes significantly to the inflammation seen in Crohn's disease. It exists as soluble TNF and membrane-bound TNF, with actions mediated through TNF receptors (TNFR). TNFR activation leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, T-cell activation, collagen production, and leukocyte migration, all contributing to inflammation in Crohn's disease. Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, namely infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab...
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A TNBS-Induced Rodent Model to Study the Pathogenic Role of Mechanical Stress in Crohn's Disease
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Hypoxia and inflammatory bowel disease.

Eoin P Cummins1, Daniel Crean2

  • 1School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.

Microbes and Infection
|September 25, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) involves gut barrier disruption. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathways are key in IBD pathology and may offer new therapeutic targets.

Keywords:
ColitisCrohn's diseaseHypoxiaHypoxia inducible factorInflammatory bowel diseaseProlyl hydroxylase inhibitors

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology and Immunology
  • Cellular and Molecular Medicine

Background:

  • Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, affects 1 in 200 people, causing significant patient burden and healthcare costs.
  • IBD pathology is complex, involving genetic, environmental, and microbial factors, universally leading to epithelial barrier disruption in the gut.
  • The intestinal epithelium normally experiences physiological hypoxia, with increased hypoxia observed during active inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the contribution of hypoxia-sensitive pathways to IBD pathology.
  • To discuss emerging evidence for targeting hypoxia-sensitive pathways in IBD treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on hypoxia and IBD.
  • Analysis of pre-clinical animal studies on hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) manipulation in IBD models.

Main Results:

  • Hypoxia and hypoxia-dependent signaling pathways play a significant role in intestinal physiology and pathophysiology.
  • Pre-clinical studies support the rationale for pharmacologically targeting the HIF pathway in IBD.

Conclusions:

  • Hypoxia-sensitive pathways are integral to IBD pathology.
  • Targeting HIF pathways represents a promising therapeutic strategy for IBD.