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Related Concept Videos

Sleep Apnea01:21

Sleep Apnea

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Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, often leading to significant health issues. Each episode can last from 10 to 20 seconds or more and is frequently accompanied by a brief arousal from sleep. This disturbance, largely unnoticed by the individual, can lead to severe daytime fatigue. Commonly, individuals seek help after being informed by their partners about loud snoring and noticeable breathing pauses during sleep.
The condition is more prevalent among...
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Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
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Respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions with varying levels of severity. Asthma, marked by chronic airway inflammation and hypersensitivity, is one such condition. It can lead to airway obstruction due to factors like bronchial spasms, mucosal edema, increased mucus secretion, or epithelial damage. Asthma triggers are diverse, ranging from allergens to emotional upset, and treatment focuses on both immediate relief through bronchodilators and long-term inflammation suppression.
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Bone Remodeling01:40

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 14, 2026

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy DISE with Target Controlled Infusion TCI and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
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[Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome(OSAS)and bone.]

Daisuke Inoue1

  • 1Third Department of Medicine, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Japan.

Clinical Calcium
|September 27, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is linked to bone loss and may be a risk factor for osteoporosis. This review explores the connection between OSAS and bone metabolism abnormalities.

Area of Science:

  • Sleep Medicine
  • Endocrinology
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) involves airway collapse during sleep, leading to hypoxia and disturbed sleep.
  • Established OSAS risk factors include obesity, male sex, and smoking.
  • OSAS is associated with comorbidities like hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on bone metabolic abnormalities in patients with OSAS.
  • To highlight the emerging role of OSAS as a potential risk factor for osteoporosis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent scientific reports.
  • Analysis of studies investigating bone metabolism in OSAS patients.

Main Results:

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  • OSAS is associated with vitamin D insufficiency.
  • Evidence suggests increased bone resorption and bone loss in individuals with OSAS.
  • While increased fracture rates are not yet demonstrated, OSAS is increasingly recognized as a risk factor for osteoporosis.

Conclusions:

  • OSAS is linked to significant bone metabolic disturbances.
  • Further research is warranted to fully elucidate the relationship between OSAS and osteoporosis.