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Multistacking from Two Sample Streams in Nonaqueous Microchip Electrophoresis.

Lee Yien Thang1,2, Hong Heng See1,2, Joselito P Quirino1,2,3

  • 1Centre for Sustainable Nanomaterials, IbnuSina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research, UniversitiTeknologi Malaysia , 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.

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|September 28, 2016
PubMed
Summary

A new multistacking strategy enhances concentration sensitivity in non-aqueous microchip capillary electrophoresis (MCE). This method significantly improves detection limits for analytes like the anticancer drug tamoxifen.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Separation Science
  • Microfluidics

Background:

  • Improving concentration sensitivity in microchip capillary electrophoresis (MCE) is crucial for trace analysis.
  • Translating stacking techniques from capillary electrophoresis (CE) to MCE presents challenges due to complex solution manipulation.
  • Nonaqueous MCE requires specific strategies for effective sample stacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a simple, rapid, online sample concentration (stacking) strategy for non-aqueous MCE.
  • To overcome challenges in generating and controlling stacking boundaries in MCE.
  • To enhance the sensitivity of MCE for analyzing cationic analytes.

Main Methods:

  • A multistacking approach was implemented using a commercially available double T-junction glass chip in a battery-operated non-aqueous MCE device.
  • Field-enhanced injection and micelle-to-solvent stacking were achieved by applying differential electric fields across loading and separation channels.
  • Restacking occurred at the junction before injection into the separation channels.

Main Results:

  • A sensitivity enhancement factor (SEF) of 110 was achieved for Rhodamine 6G using fluorescence microscopy.
  • The method demonstrated SEFs of 20-50 for the anticancer drug tamoxifen and its metabolites using contactless conductivity detection.
  • Limits of detection ranged from 10 to 35 ng/mL for tamoxifen and its metabolites.
  • The method successfully quantified analytes in breast cancer patient samples.

Conclusions:

  • The developed multistacking strategy effectively enhances concentration sensitivity in non-aqueous MCE.
  • This approach overcomes stacking boundary control issues in MCE, enabling sensitive analysis.
  • The method is suitable for the quantification of analytes, including pharmaceuticals, in complex biological matrices.