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Recent Advances in Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction for Pharmaceutical Analysis.

Karen Sze Jie Tay^1,2, Hong Heng See^1,2

¹Centre for Sustainable Nanomaterials, Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia.

Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry

|January 2, 2024

Summary

Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) enhances pharmaceutical analysis sensitivity. This review details DLLME modes and multi-extraction strategies for improved drug detection from 2017-2023.

Keywords:

DLLME pharmaceuticals preconcentration sample pretreatment

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Area of Science:

Analytical Chemistry
Pharmaceutical Analysis
Separation Science

Background:

Sample clean-up and pre-concentration are essential for accurate pharmaceutical analysis.
Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) is a key technique for improving detection sensitivity.
A comprehensive review of DLLME in pharmaceutical analysis is needed.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a comprehensive overview of DLLME modes in pharmaceutical analysis (2017-2023).
To discuss the principles, influencing factors, and applications of DLLME.
To highlight multi-extraction strategies for enhanced pharmaceutical analysis.

Main Methods:

Literature review of DLLME techniques in pharmaceutical analysis.
Analysis of factors affecting DLLME efficiency.
Evaluation of various DLLME modes and their applications.
Focus on multi-extraction strategies.

Main Results:

DLLME significantly enhances detection sensitivity in pharmaceutical analysis.
Various DLLME modes have been developed and applied.
Multi-extraction strategies offer further improvements in pre-concentration.
Key factors influencing DLLME performance were identified.

Conclusions:

DLLME is a powerful tool for pharmaceutical sample preparation.
Continued development of DLLME modes and strategies is crucial for advancing pharmaceutical analysis.
This review consolidates current knowledge on DLLME for researchers in the field.