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The plexuses of the lower body include the lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal plexuses, which innervate the abdomen, pelvis, legs, and coccygeal region. These plexuses control the transmission of sensory information and coordinate motor functions of the lower body.
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Spinal nerves are pivotal conduits in the nervous system, bridging the central nervous system (CNS) with the peripheral nervous system (PNS). These nerves enable a complex communication network between the brain, spinal cord, and the rest of the body, facilitating sensory input, motor output, and autonomic functions.
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The spinal cord resides within the protective confines of the vertebral column. It is the main pathway for information traveling between the brain and the body. It plays a fundamental role in nearly all bodily functions, from simple reflexes to complex motor movements. The spinal cord begins at the medulla oblongata at the base of the brainstem and extends downward, terminating at the conus medullaris near the first and second lumbar vertebrae. The spinal cord's length in adults is...
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The spinal cord is the body’s major nerve tract of the central nervous system, communicating afferent sensory information from the periphery to the brain and efferent motor information from the brain to the body. The human spinal cord extends from the hole at the base of the skull, or foramen magnum, to the level of the first or second lumbar vertebra.
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The external iliac artery transitions out of the body cavity, entering the femoral region of the lower leg, and is renamed the femoral artery at the point where it traverses the body wall. This artery is responsible for the distribution of blood to the thigh's deep muscles and the skin's ventral and lateral regions, achieved through several minor branches and the lateral deep femoral artery, which also spawns a lateral circumflex artery. The knee area receives blood from the genicular...
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Nerve plexuses are networks of interlacing nerves that serve as communication hubs to distribute and organize nerve action across various body regions. The nerve plexuses are organized into the cervical plexus located in the neck region, brachial plexus in the shoulder area, lumbar plexus found in the lower back, sacral plexus situated in the pelvis, and coccygeal plexus located in the coccygeal region.
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Siatic nerve: beyond the sacral foramen.

Hatice Tuba Sanal1

  • 1Department of Radiology, Gülhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey. tubasanal@gmail.com.

Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (Ankara, Turkey)
|September 28, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sciatica often stems from lumbar disc herniation, but extraspinal causes are frequently overlooked. Early diagnosis of all sciatica etiologies is crucial for effective treatment and preventing nerve damage.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Radiology
  • Anatomy

Background:

  • Sciatica is commonly caused by lumbar disc herniation compressing neural roots.
  • Extraspinal etiologies of sciatic pain are often underestimated in clinical practice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight rare extraspinal causes of sciatic neuralgia.
  • To emphasize the importance of diagnosing the exact etiology of sciatica for optimal patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • This pictorial essay reviews imaging studies of sciatic nerve pathologies.
  • Focus is placed on causes distal to the sacral foramen.

Main Results:

  • Presents a range of less common extraspinal sciatic nerve conditions.
  • Illustrates diverse pathologies affecting the sciatic nerve's extraspinal course.

Conclusions:

  • Diagnosing the precise cause of sciatica, including rare extraspinal origins, is vital.
  • Timely and accurate diagnosis aids in symptom relief and averts further neurological injury.