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Ferromagnetism

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Four-Dimensional Printing of Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogel-Based Soft Robots

Four-Dimensional Printing of Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogel-Based Soft Robots

Published on: January 13, 2023

Shape-programmable magnetic soft matter.

Guo Zhan Lum¹, Zhou Ye², Xiaoguang Dong³

¹Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213; School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

|September 28, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a universal method to program magnetically actuated soft matter for complex shapes. This breakthrough enables the automatic generation of magnetization profiles and magnetic fields for novel miniature devices in robotics and biomedicine.

Keywords:

magnetic actuation miniature devices multifunctional materials programmable matter soft robots

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Robotics
Soft Matter Physics

Background:

Shape-programmable matter offers advanced mechanical functionalities beyond traditional machines.
Magnetically actuated matter is promising for micro-scale, complex shape control.
Current methods rely on human intuition, limiting applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose a universal programming methodology for magnetically actuated soft matter.
To enable automatic generation of magnetization profiles and magnetic fields for time-varying shapes.
To inspire novel miniature soft devices for various applications.

Main Methods:

Developed theoretical formulations for programming magnetic soft matter.
Implemented computational strategies for generating magnetization profiles and actuating fields.
Included fabrication procedures for creating planar beams of magnetic soft matter.

Main Results:

The method is universal for programming 2D or 3D time-varying shapes.
Demonstrated applications include a jellyfish-like robot, an undulating swimmer, and an artificial cilium.
Successfully mimicked complex biological beating patterns with an artificial cilium.

Conclusions:

The proposed universal programming methodology overcomes limitations of previous intuitive approaches.
This work facilitates the creation of diverse miniature soft devices for robotics, smart surfaces, and biomedical applications.
The developed techniques pave the way for advanced shape-programmable materials and devices.