Mandibular intraosseous pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia: a case report

Area of Science:

• Maxillofacial Surgery
• Oral Pathology

Background:

• Mandibular pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia is a rare, generally benign pathology.
• This case involves a patient with a history of oropharyngeal carcinoma treated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
• The patient developed osteoradionecrosis and pathological fracture of the mandible.

Purpose of the Study:

• To report a rare case of intraosseous mandibular pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia.
• To highlight the importance of differential diagnosis in maxillofacial surgery.
• To emphasize the need to avoid misinterpreting this condition as squamous cell carcinoma.

Main Methods:

• Case history review of a 73-year-old male patient.
• Pathohistological examination of resected mandibular bone.
• Surgical reconstruction of the mandible following failed initial attempts.

Main Results:

• The resected bone exhibited pathohistological findings consistent with intraosseous mandibular pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia.
• Initial reconstruction with an iliac crest graft failed.
• Definitive mandibular reconstruction was achieved with a microvascular fibula graft.

Conclusions:

• Intraosseous pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia of the mandible is a rare differential diagnosis.
• It is essential to exclude more frequent invasive squamous cell carcinoma.
• Misinterpretation can lead to significant overtreatment.