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Combined immunodeficiency in a calf.

P A Bartram1, B P Smith, C Holmberg

  • 1Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Davis, CA.

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
|August 1, 1989
PubMed
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A calf diagnosed with combined immunodeficiency lacked key immune tissues and suffered fatal infections. This case highlights severe congenital immune defects in young cattle.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Immunology
  • Bovine Pathology

Background:

  • Combined immunodeficiency (CID) is a severe congenital disorder affecting the immune system.
  • Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for affected animals.

Observation:

  • A 6-week-old Angus calf presented with severe clinical signs including lymphopenia and undetectable immunoglobulin M (IgM) or IgA, and low immunoglobulin G (IgG).
  • The calf exhibited symptoms of diarrhea, pneumonia, and shock, receiving supportive care.

Findings:

  • Necropsy revealed a complete absence of lymphoid tissues, including Peyer patches, lymph nodes, thymus, and spleen.
  • The calf succumbed to systemic candidiasis and Escherichia coli bacteremia, indicating profound immune system failure.

Implications:

Related Experiment Videos

  • This case underscores the critical role of lymphoid tissue development in bovine immune function.
  • The absence of lymphoid structures suggests a severe developmental defect leading to fatal opportunistic infections.