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Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

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The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
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Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

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Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing the light emitted from excited atoms. In AES, atoms in a sample are excited to higher energy levels by thermal energy from high-temperature sources, such as plasma, arcs, or sparks. When these excited atoms return to lower energy states, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each element. The resulting atomic emission spectrum, which consists of...
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Radioactivity is a spontaneous disintegration of an unstable nuclide and is a random process, as all the nuclei in the sample do not decay simultaneously. The number of disintegrations per unit time is called the activity (A), which is directly proportional to the number of nuclei in the sample. The decay constant (λ) is an average probability of decay per nucleus in unit time.
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Updated: Mar 14, 2026

Production and Measurement of Organic Particulate Matter in a Flow Tube Reactor
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Dynamic Radioactive Source for Evaluating and Demonstrating Time-dependent Performance of Continuous Air Monitors.

Thomas D McLean1, Murray E Moore, Alan L Justus

  • 1*Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545; †RGM Watch Company, Mount Joy, PA 17552.

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|September 30, 2016
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Summary

A novel Dynamic Radioactive Source simplifies continuous air monitor testing, replacing expensive plutonium aerosol challenges. This reusable system accurately simulates airborne particulates for enhanced radiation detection development.

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Engineering
  • Environmental Monitoring
  • Radiation Detection

Background:

  • Continuous air monitors (CAMs) are crucial for detecting airborne radioactive particulates.
  • Traditional testing with plutonium aerosols is costly, time-consuming, and requires specialized facilities.
  • Existing methods lack the flexibility for real-time, adaptable challenge testing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a Dynamic Radioactive Source (DRS) as a safer, more efficient alternative to plutonium aerosol testing for CAMs.
  • To enable in-house, benchtop testing of CAMs with realistic temporal release simulations.
  • To facilitate the iterative development and validation of CAM alarm algorithms.

Main Methods:

  • The DRS utilizes an electroplated alpha-emitting disk source and a rotating mask driven by a wristwatch motor.
  • The rotating mask progressively reveals the source, simulating increasing airborne radioactivity over time.
  • The system is designed for direct insertion into the filter chamber of standard CAMs.

Main Results:

  • The DRS successfully mimics temporal release conditions (puff and chronic) without radioactive aerosols.
  • It provides configurable, repeatable, and reusable testing without contaminating the CAM.
  • Data generated aided in refining alarm algorithms and comparing the response times of commercial CAMs.

Conclusions:

  • The Dynamic Radioactive Source offers a cost-effective, versatile, and safe method for evaluating continuous air monitors.
  • This technology enhances in-house testing capabilities, allowing for direct user control and iterative algorithm development.
  • The DRS represents a significant advancement in radiation detection system validation and performance assessment.