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Metastasis02:30

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Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 14, 2026

Micromanipulation of Circulating Tumor Cells for Downstream Molecular Analysis and Metastatic Potential Assessment
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Micromanipulation of Circulating Tumor Cells for Downstream Molecular Analysis and Metastatic Potential Assessment

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Metastasis and Circulating Tumor Cells.

Guus van Dalum1, Linda Holland1, Leon Wmm Terstappen1

  • 1Medical Cell BioPhysics group, MIRA Institute, University of Twente , Hallenweg 23, 7522 NH, Enschede, The Netherlands.

EJIFCC
|September 30, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in blood indicate cancer spread and poor prognosis. Analyzing CTCs aids treatment decisions and understanding metastasis for better cancer management.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Metastasis, not primary tumors, often causes cancer-related death.
  • Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in blood are key indicators of metastatic disease.
  • CTC presence correlates with poor survival and predicts treatment response.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of current CTC enumeration and characterization methods.
  • To discuss assumptions regarding the CTC phenotype.
  • To highlight the potential of extensive CTC characterization for understanding metastasis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of prominent CTC enumeration techniques.
  • Discussion of CTC characterization methodologies (DNA, RNA, antigen expression).
  • Analysis of assumptions underlying CTC phenotype studies.

Main Results:

  • CTCs are crucial biomarkers for predicting cancer treatment outcomes.
  • Current methods allow for CTC enumeration and characterization.
  • Understanding CTC phenotype is essential for advancing cancer research.

Conclusions:

  • CTC analysis is increasingly vital for cancer diagnosis and therapy management.
  • Detailed CTC characterization can deepen the understanding of the metastatic process.
  • Informed clinical decisions rely on accurate CTC enumeration and characterization.