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Emotion Regulation in Schema Therapy and Dialectical Behavior Therapy.

Eva Fassbinder1, Ulrich Schweiger1, Desiree Martius2

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Luebeck Luebeck, Germany.

Frontiers in Psychology
|September 30, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Schema therapy (ST) and dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) are effective for borderline personality disorder. DBT teaches emotion regulation skills directly, while ST addresses underlying early life experiences impacting emotion regulation.

Keywords:
Schema therapydialectical behavior therapyemotion regulationemotional avoidanceexperiential techniquesskills

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Psychotherapy
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Schema therapy (ST) and dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) are established treatments for borderline personality disorder.
  • Both therapies originate from cognitive behavioral therapy and target emotional dysregulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of ST and DBT techniques for emotion regulation.
  • To compare and contrast ST and DBT within James Gross' process model of emotion regulation.
  • To illustrate similarities and differences with a case example.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic comparison of ST and DBT techniques.
  • Application of James Gross' process model of emotion regulation.
  • Case study illustration.

Main Results:

  • DBT directly focuses on teaching emotion regulation skills through modules like mindfulness and distress tolerance.
  • ST addresses emotion regulation indirectly by resolving underlying issues from adverse early experiences, such as trauma and fear of emotions.
  • Core ST techniques include limited reparenting, empathic confrontation, and experiential methods like chair dialogs and imagery rescripting.

Conclusions:

  • DBT assumes improved emotion regulation results from skills acquisition and practice.
  • ST posits that addressing early life trauma and maladaptive schemas improves emotion regulation.
  • A key difference lies in DBT's direct skill-building versus ST's focus on underlying causes of dysregulation.