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Dietary macronutrient composition affects hypothalamic appetite regulation in chicks.

Betty R McConn1, Justin Matias1, Guoqing Wang1

  • 1a Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences , Virginia Tech , 175 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg , VA 24061 , USA.

Nutritional Neuroscience
|October 1, 2016
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Summary

High-protein and high-fat diets reduced food intake and altered appetite-regulating gene expression in chicks. Fasting and refeeding further influenced these changes, highlighting the roles of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and melanocortin pathways.

Keywords:
AppetiteChickDietHypothalamusmRNA

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Physiology
  • Nutritional Neuroscience
  • Molecular Endocrinology

Background:

  • Appetite regulation is a complex process influenced by diet and feeding patterns.
  • Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying appetite control is crucial for animal growth and health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of high-protein and high-fat diets on appetite regulation in chicks.
  • To examine the effects of fasting and refeeding on appetite-associated gene expression in the hypothalamus.

Main Methods:

  • Chicks were fed basal, high-protein, or high-fat diets.
  • Fasting and refeeding protocols were applied.
  • Hypothalamic mRNA abundance of key appetite-regulating neuropeptides and receptors was measured using quantitative real-time PCR.

Main Results:

  • High-protein and high-fat diets decreased food intake.
  • Expression of Agouti-related peptide, neuropeptide Y (NPY), NPY receptors, melanocortin receptors (MC3R, MC4R), mesotocin, corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), and CRF receptor sub-type 2 (CRFR2) was highest in chicks on the basal diet.
  • Refeeding increased MC3R mRNA in the high-protein group, and fasting/refeeding increased CRFR2 mRNA in the high-protein group.

Conclusions:

  • High-protein and high-fat diets reduce food intake and alter hypothalamic gene expression related to appetite control in chicks.
  • Fasting and refeeding modulate these responses, suggesting involvement of CRF and melanocortin signaling pathways in diet-induced appetite changes.