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Related Concept Videos

Hydrogen Bonds00:26

Hydrogen Bonds

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Hydrogen bonds are weak attractions between atoms that have formed other chemical bonds. One of these atoms is electronegative, like oxygen, and has a partial negative charge. The other is a hydrogen atom that has bonded with another electronegative atom and has a partial positive charge.
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Because hydrogen has very weak electronegativity when it binds with a strongly electronegative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen, electrons in the bond are unequally shared....
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Hydrogen Bonds01:04

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A hydrogen bond is formed when a weakly positive hydrogen atom already bonded to one electronegative atom (for example, the oxygen in the water molecule) is attracted to another electronegative atom from another polar molecule, such as water (H2O), hydrogen fluoride (HF), or ammonia (NH3). The huge electronegativity difference between the H atom (2.1) and the atom to which it is bonded (4.0 for an F atom, 3.5 for an O atom, or 3.0 for an N atom), combined with the very small size of an H atom...
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Aromatic Hydrocarbon Anions: Structural Overview01:18

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Neutral hydrocarbons like cyclopentadiene with an odd number of carbon atoms and one intervening CH2 group in the ring are not aromatic. Cyclopentadiene with 4 π electrons does not satisfy the 4n + 2 π electron rule. Additionally, the intervening CH2 group is sp3 hybridized and lacks a vacant p orbital, thereby interrupting the overlap of p orbitals in a continuous manner and preventing the delocalization of π electrons throughout the ring.
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According to the theory of resonance, if two or more Lewis structures with the same arrangement of atoms can be written for a molecule, ion, or radical, the actual distribution of electrons is an average of that shown by the various Lewis structures.
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Organic chemistry is the study of compounds of carbon called organic compounds. Organic compounds either originate from living organisms or are synthesized by chemists. A defining trait of these compounds is the presence of carbon as the principal element, which is bonded to other carbon atoms and other elements such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. The existence of a wide array of organic molecules is a consequence of carbon atoms’ ability to form up to four strong bonds to...
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Polymers that are made up of identical monomer units are called homopolymers. Only one repeating unit is involved in the construction of the homopolymer structure. For example, as depicted in Figure 1, polypropylene is a homopolymer constituted of propylene monomers. Here, the only repeating unit in the polymer chain is propylene.
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Versatile and Resilient Hydrogen-Bonded Host Frameworks.

Takuji Adachi1, Michael D Ward1

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University , 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003-6688, United States.

Accounts of Chemical Research
|October 1, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study highlights resilient, tunable molecular host frameworks built from guanidinium and organosulfonate ions. These hydrogen-bonded materials enable predictable solid-state architectures for diverse applications like separations and storage.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Low-density molecular host frameworks offer tunable pore properties for various applications.
  • Hydrogen-bonded frameworks exhibit structural diversity but often lack stability and systematic modification pathways.
  • Developing resilient building blocks is crucial for predictable solid-state architectures in functional materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advancements in guanidinium-organosulfonate based host frameworks developed over the past decade.
  • To showcase the remarkable resilience and versatility of a specific 2-D quasi-hexagonal hydrogen-bonding network.
  • To demonstrate the potential for designing functional materials through systematic modification of these frameworks.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing guanidinium cations and interchangeable organosulfonate anions to construct hydrogen-bonded networks.
  • Synthesizing and characterizing a wide range of organosulfonate host frameworks with varying pendant groups.
  • Investigating the formation of inclusion compounds, structural isomerism, and zeolite-like frameworks.

Main Results:

  • A robust 2-D quasi-hexagonal hydrogen-bonding network formed by guanidinium and organosulfonate ions was identified.
  • Hundreds of new crystalline materials with predictable architectures were synthesized, including organomonosulfonates (GMS) and organodisulfonates (GDS).
  • Demonstrated applications include molecular isomer separation, storage of unstable molecules, and post-synthetic modification via guest swapping.

Conclusions:

  • Hydrogen-bonded frameworks, particularly those based on robust high-dimensional networks, offer significant potential for designing molecular materials.
  • Predictable solid-state architectures can be achieved through molecular design and simple empirical parameters.
  • These frameworks pave the way for advanced materials with tailored properties for storage, catalysis, and separations.