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Centrosome Duplication

Centrosome Duplication

The primary microtubule organizing center (MTOC) in animal cells is the centrosome. A centrosome has two cylindrical centrioles at its core. Each centriole consists of nine sets of three microtubules held together by proteins. The centrioles are positioned at right angles to each other and surrounded by a shapeless protein cloud called the pericentriolar matrix, or pericentriolar material (PCM).
To ensure that each daughter cell receives a centrosome after cell division, centrosome duplication...

Centrosome Duplication

Centrosome Duplication

Centrioles and Centrosomes

Centrioles and Centrosomes

Most animal cells comprise a pair of centrioles together called a centrosome. The cell duplicates its centrosome and contains two centrosomes side-by-side, which begin to move apart during the prophase. As the centrosomes migrate to two different sides of the cell, microtubules start extending from each centrosome toward the other end. The mitotic spindle is composed of the centrosomes and their emerging microtubules.
Near the end of the prophase, also called late prophase or...

Spindle Assembly

Spindle Assembly

Spindle assembly occurs through three, often coexisting, pathways – the centrosome-mediated pathway, the chromatin-mediated pathway, and the microtubule-mediated pathway – collectively contributing to form a robust spindle apparatus.
In most cells, centrosomes are the primary microtubule nucleation centers. In the centrosome-mediated pathway, the G2-prophase transition triggers centrosome maturation and increased microtubule nucleation. Progressive nucleation results in a...

Separation of Sister Chromatids

Separation of Sister Chromatids

At the transition from prophase to metaphase, there is a reduction in cohesion along the chromosomal arms, resulting in the resolution of sister chromatids. However, residual cohesin connections remain to hold the sister chromatids together until the transition from metaphase to anaphase. The residual connection prevents any premature separation of sister chromatids, blocking the risks of aneuploidy within the daughter cells.
At the onset of anaphase, separase, a proteolytic enzyme, is...

Attachment of Sister Chromatids

Attachment of Sister Chromatids

As cells progress into mitosis, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the condensed chromosomes are exposed to the array of bipolar microtubules of the mitotic spindle. The kinetochore, a large, disc-shaped protein complex, is present at the centromere region of the sister chromatids and acts as a binding site for the microtubules. Usually, the plus-end of a single microtubule is embedded within the kinetochore. However, some kinetochores first establish lateral contact with the side-wall...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 14, 2026

Live Cell Imaging to Assess the Dynamics of Metaphase Timing and Cell Fate Following Mitotic Spindle Perturbations

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Published on: September 20, 2019

Centrosome Amplification Increases Single-Cell Branching in Post-mitotic Cells.

Delia Ricolo¹, Myrto Deligiannaki², Jordi Casanova¹

¹Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona (IBMB-CSIC), Parc Cientific de Barcelona, Carrer de Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Carrer de Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.

Current Biology : CB

|October 4, 2016

Summary

Centrosome amplification, common in cancer, drives increased cell branching and abnormal lumen formation in post-mitotic cells. This study reveals centrosomes are essential for initiating subcellular lumen development.

Keywords:

Drosophila Emi1 Rca1 branching centriole centrosome lumen sas-4 subcellular trachea

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Area of Science:

Cell Biology
Cancer Biology
Developmental Biology

Background:

Centrosome amplification is a key feature of cancer, but its role in post-mitotic cells remains unclear.
Supernumerary centrosomes can cause mitotic errors, but their non-mitotic functions are less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the biological effects of centrosome amplification in post-mitotic cells.
To determine the role of centrosomes in single-cell branching and subcellular lumen formation.

Main Methods:

Utilized Drosophila tracheal cells to study centrosome amplification effects in post-mitotic cells.
Analyzed mutations in Rca1 and CycA affecting subcellular branching and centrosome number.
Examined lumen formation in mutant embryos with altered centriole numbers.

Main Results:

Centrosome amplification in Drosophila tracheal cells led to increased single-cell branching.
Mutations in Rca1 and CycA resulted in supernumerary centrosomes and excess subcellular lumen branching.
Impaired de novo lumen formation was observed in embryos with fewer centrioles, highlighting the centrosome's role.

Conclusions:

Centrosomes are required as microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs) for initiating subcellular lumen formation.
Centrosome amplification can promote pathological processes like increased branching, independent of mitotic defects.