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Appetitive Pavlovian-instrumental Transfer: A review
Emilio Cartoni1, Bernard Balleine2, Gianluca Baldassarre3
1Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy; Laboratory of Computational Embodied Neuroscience, Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy.
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
|October 4, 2016
Summary
Reward cues significantly influence actions. The Pavlovian to Instrumental Transfer (PIT) paradigm reveals how reward-associated cues shape motivation and behavior, with recent studies exploring human applications and drug interactions.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Behavioral Psychology
- Cognitive Science
Background:
- Reward-related cues profoundly influence daily actions and decision-making.
- The Pavlovian to Instrumental Transfer (PIT) paradigm is a key experimental model for studying cue-driven behavior.
- Historically, PIT research has evolved significantly since its inception in the 1940s.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review the neural substrates and behavioral factors influencing specific and general transfer in the PIT paradigm.
- To examine the application of PIT in human studies, including normal and pathological conditions.
- To analyze the theoretical evolution of transfer phenomena and their interaction with drugs of abuse.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature review of Pavlovian to Instrumental Transfer (PIT) studies.
- Analysis of neurobiological and behavioral data from PIT experiments.
- Synthesis of theoretical frameworks, from early models to hierarchical accounts.
Main Results:
- Identification of two distinct types of transfer: specific and general.
- Elucidation of neural substrates and behavioral modulators affecting both transfer types.
- Evidence for PIT's applicability in human research and its modulation by substance use.
Conclusions:
- The PIT paradigm provides a robust framework for understanding cue-motivated behavior.
- Understanding PIT is crucial for both basic science and clinical applications, particularly in addiction research.
- Recent advancements highlight the complexity of transfer phenomena and their theoretical underpinnings.
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