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Related Concept Videos

Muscles for Facial Expressions01:14

Muscles for Facial Expressions

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The craniofacial muscles are a collection of approximately 20 thin skeletal muscles situated beneath the skin of the face and scalp. These muscles, primarily responsible for the vast array of human facial expressions, originate from the bones or fibrous structures of the skull and extend outwards to connect with the skin. While most skeletal muscles in the body are enveloped in thick fascia, facial muscles generally have a more delicate fascial covering, with the buccinator muscle being a...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 14, 2026

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
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The posterior-based buccinator myomucosal flap (Bozola's flap).

F Remangeon1, M Hivelin2, D Maurice1

  • 1Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Service d'Otorhinolaryngologie, 20, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France.

European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Diseases
|October 5, 2016
PubMed
Summary

This study details the posterior-based buccinator myomucosal flap for hard palate reconstruction after cancer surgery. It highlights the flap

Keywords:
Buccinator flapCancerOral cavityOropharynx

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Area of Science:

  • Oral oncology
  • Surgical reconstruction
  • Head and neck cancer surgery

Background:

  • Oncologic resection of oral cavity and oropharyngeal tumors often necessitates complex reconstruction.
  • The hard palate presents unique challenges for defect closure due to its location and function.

Observation:

  • A case study focusing on reconstruction following oncologic resection of the hard palate.
  • Detailed documentation of the technical aspects of harvesting a posterior-based buccinator myomucosal flap (Bozola's flap).

Findings:

  • The posterior-based buccinator myomucosal flap offers a viable option for hard palate reconstruction.
  • Key technical considerations for flap harvesting are identified.
  • The study outlines the flap's limitations and specific indications in oncologic resection scenarios.

Implications:

  • Provides valuable technical insights for surgeons performing head and neck cancer reconstructions.
  • Aids in optimizing patient outcomes through appropriate flap selection and technique.
  • Contributes to the understanding of reconstructive options for complex oral cavity defects.