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Updated: Mar 14, 2026

Validation of a Psychosocial Intervention on Body Image in Older People: An Experimental Design
Published on: May 31, 2021
Body image as a target of victimization by peers/parents: Development and validation of the Body Image Victimization
Cristiana Duarte1, José Pinto-Gouveia1
1a Cognitive and Behavioural Centre for Research and Intervention (CINEICC), Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences , University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal.
Abstract:
This study developed and established the psychometric properties of the Body Image Victimization Experiences Scale (BIVES). The BIVES retrospectively assesses the frequency (Part A-frequency) and effect (Part B-impact) of victimization experiences pertaining to body image, perpetrated by peers and parents/caregivers in childhood and adolescence. Distinct samples of Portuguese women were recruited in 2013-2014: two nonclinical samples of the general population (n = 1,177), aged 18-60 years, and a clinical sample of patients with Binge Eating Disorder (BED; n = 73), aged 19-59 years. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted in 632 participants. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and the scale's psychometric properties were tested in 545 participants. The ability of the BIVES to discriminate the clinical from a nonclinical sample was examined. The scale presented two factors indicating the sources of the victimization-peers and parents. CFA results confirmed the scale's structure. The BIVES presented very good internal consistency, construct and discriminant validity, good test-retest reliability, and was associated with related constructs, body image shame, and eating psychopathology. The scale adequately discriminated between the clinical sample and a nonclinical sample. The BIVES is a valid and reliable measure that allows for a comprehensive assessment of body image-related victimization experiences.
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