Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Intensity Of Electromagnetic Waves01:22

Intensity Of Electromagnetic Waves

6.1K
The energy transport per unit area per unit time, or the Poynting vector, gives the energy flux of an electromagnetic wave at any specific time. For a plane electromagnetic wave with E0 and B0 as the peak electric and magnetic fields and traveling along the x-axis, the time-varying energy flux can be given by the following equation:
6.1K
¹H NMR Signal Multiplicity: Splitting Patterns01:13

¹H NMR Signal Multiplicity: Splitting Patterns

7.9K
When protons A and X are coupled, their nuclear spin energy levels are slightly modified. This is because the energy required to excite proton A to a spin state parallel to proton X is slightly different from the energy required for it to become anti-parallel to spin X. Consequently, there are two possible excitation frequencies for A (A1 and A2), depending on the spin state of X, and vice versa. The mutual nature of coupling implies that the difference between frequencies A1 and A2, indicated...
7.9K
Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

1.6K
In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
1.6K
Interference: Path Lengths01:10

Interference: Path Lengths

2.4K
Consider two sources of sound, that may or may not be in phase, emitting waves at a single frequency, and consider the frequencies to be the same.
Two special sources may be considered when they are in phase. This can be easily achieved by feeding the two sources from the same source. An example would be synchronizing the two speakers by feeding them with the same source, such as the sound waves produced by a tuning fork. This setup ensures that the two sources have the same frequency and are...
2.4K
Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

831
Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
831
Intensity and Pressure of Sound Waves01:05

Intensity and Pressure of Sound Waves

1.9K
The intensity of sound waves can be related to displacement and pressure amplitudes by using their wave expressions and the definition of intensity. The critical step to achieve this is to write the power delivered by the particles on the wave as the product of force and velocity and simplify the force per unit area as the pressure. The velocity of the medium's particles can be derived from the displacement.
Unlike the time average of a sinusoidal term, which is zero since it is positive...
1.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The Impact of OnabotulinumtoxinA on Oral Pain Medication Prescription Fills and Low-Value Care in Patients with Cervical Dystonia in the United States: A Retrospective Claims Analysis.

Toxins·2026
Same author

Real-World Treatment Switch Rates, and Healthcare Costs of Botulinum Toxin Type A Among Patients with Cervical Dystonia in the USA: A Retrospective Claims Analysis.

Neurology and therapy·2026
Same author

Real-World Switch Rates, Treatment Patterns, and Healthcare Costs Among Patients With Spasticity Treated With Botulinum Toxins.

Advances in therapy·2026
Same author

Electroencephalography signals in a female Fragile X Syndrome mouse model.

NeuroImage·2026
Same author

A study to evaluate the impact of PB-119 injection (a pegylated exenatide formulation) on the pharmacokinetic profiles of Digoxin and Warfarin sodium in healthy subjects.

SAGE open medicine·2026
Same author

Single Intraperitoneal Busulfan Injection Induces Long-Term Reproductive Dysfunction and Reduces Male Offspring Ratio in BALB/c Mice.

Journal of applied toxicology : JAT·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 14, 2026

Combined Invasive Subcortical and Non-invasive Surface Neurophysiological Recordings for the Assessment of Cognitive and Emotional Functions in Humans
08:25

Combined Invasive Subcortical and Non-invasive Surface Neurophysiological Recordings for the Assessment of Cognitive and Emotional Functions in Humans

Published on: May 19, 2016

11.3K

A Precise Annotation of Phase-Amplitude Coupling Intensity.

Ning Cheng1, Qun Li1,2, Xiaxia Xu1

  • 1College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China.

Plos One
|October 5, 2016
PubMed
Summary

This study clarifies phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) intensity by identifying interferential signals. The proposed annotation defines PAC intensity as the proportion of neural oscillations involved, validated by simulation data and existing methods.

More Related Videos

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
06:42

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

9.8K
Measurement of Scattering Nonlinearities from a Single Plasmonic Nanoparticle
15:06

Measurement of Scattering Nonlinearities from a Single Plasmonic Nanoparticle

Published on: January 3, 2016

13.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 14, 2026

Combined Invasive Subcortical and Non-invasive Surface Neurophysiological Recordings for the Assessment of Cognitive and Emotional Functions in Humans
08:25

Combined Invasive Subcortical and Non-invasive Surface Neurophysiological Recordings for the Assessment of Cognitive and Emotional Functions in Humans

Published on: May 19, 2016

11.3K
Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
06:42

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

9.8K
Measurement of Scattering Nonlinearities from a Single Plasmonic Nanoparticle
15:06

Measurement of Scattering Nonlinearities from a Single Plasmonic Nanoparticle

Published on: January 3, 2016

13.5K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Computational Neuroscience
  • Signal Processing

Background:

  • Neuronal information is encoded across various temporal and spatial scales.
  • Cross-frequency coupling, particularly phase-amplitude coupling (PAC), is crucial for neuronal communication and large-scale brain encoding.
  • Current understanding of PAC intensity is limited, despite its functional significance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To theoretically annotate the precise meaning of PAC intensity.
  • To identify and classify interferential signals influencing PAC measurements.
  • To validate the proposed PAC intensity annotation using simulated data and established methods.

Main Methods:

  • Identification and classification of three types of interferential signals affecting PAC.
  • Theoretical annotation of PAC intensity as the proportion of involved oscillations.
  • Analysis of simulated data using Mean Vector Length (MVL), Modulation Index (MI), and a novel Permutation Mutual Information (PMI) method.

Main Results:

  • The proposed theoretical annotation of PAC intensity was validated.
  • Positive correlations were observed between simulated PAC intensity and values derived from MVL, MI, and PMI methods.
  • Phase-amplitude plots generated at different PAC intensities aligned with previous understandings.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a clear theoretical definition for PAC intensity.
  • The findings support the proposed annotation and demonstrate its consistency with existing PAC analysis techniques.
  • This work enhances the understanding and interpretation of PAC measurements in neuroscience research.