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Updated: Jul 27, 2026

Femoral Arterial and Venous Catheterization for Blood Sampling, Drug Administration and Conscious Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Measurements
Published on: January 24, 2012
[Ambulatory indirect long-term blood pressure measurement in primary and secondary hypertension]
M Middeke1, E Mika, M A Schreiber
1Medizinische Poliklinik Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München.
Abstract:
Ambulatory 24 hour blood pressure measurements were performed in 21 patients with various forms of secondary hypertension and were compared with the blood pressure profile of a matched group of patients with primary hypertension. Patients with renovascular (n = 8) and renoparechymal hypertension (n = 8), and with primary hyperaldosteronism (n = 4) showed no significant fall in systolic blood pressure during the sleeping period (00-03 a.m.) and in systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the early morning (06 a.m.) as compared with essential hypertensives. However, in a single case of hypertension due to coarctation of the aorta the 24 hour blood pressure profile is not different from essential hypertension. Thus, ambulatory 24 hour blood pressure recording is a good method for screening secondary forms of hypertension.
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Sites for measuring blood pressure
The Brachial Artery: Primary Site for Blood Pressure Measurement
Equipments Used To Measure Blood Pressure
This invasive approach involves cannulating a peripheral artery. During each cardiac contraction, pressure generates mechanical motion within the catheter, transmitted through rigid, fluid-filled tubing to a transducer. This transducer converts mechanical motion into electrical signals displayed as waveforms on a monitor. An automatic flushing system prevents blood backflow. Due to the potential risk of unexpected arterial blood loss, this method is primarily used in intensive...
Assessment of blood pressure in brachial artery(two-step method)
Special considerations while measuring blood pressure
Monitoring Both Arms:
Monitoring BP in both arms during the initial assessment is advisable, as the systolic value may differ by five to ten mm Hg between arms. For subsequent BP assessments, use the arm with the higher reading.
Pre-Procedural Guidelines for Assessing Blood Pressure
Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

