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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 14, 2026

Platelet-Derived Extracellular Vesicle Functionalization of Ti Implants
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Gene-Activated Titanium Surfaces Promote In Vitro Osteogenesis.

Keerthi Atluri, Joun Lee, Denise Seabold

    The International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants
    |October 6, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary

    Coating titanium implants with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) nanoplexes enhances bone growth and integration. This novel approach improves implant success in patients with risk factors like smoking.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomaterials Science
    • Tissue Engineering
    • Orthopedic Research

    Background:

    • Commercially pure titanium (CpTi) is widely used for orthopedic and dental implants due to its favorable properties.
    • Osseointegration failures can occur, particularly in individuals with risk factors such as smoking.
    • Enhancing osseointegration is crucial for improving implant longevity and patient outcomes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To enhance the osseointegration potential of CpTi discs.
    • To coat CpTi surfaces with nanoplexes of polyethylenimine (PEI) and plasmid DNA encoding bone morphogenetic protein-2 (pBMP-2).
    • To evaluate the efficacy of these nanoplex-coated implants in promoting osteogenesis.

    Main Methods:

    • Nanoplexes were characterized for size and surface charge at various N/P ratios.
    • CpTi discs were surface analyzed before and after nanoplex coating using SEM, AFM, XPS, and XRD.
    • Cytotoxicity and transfection efficiency of coated CpTi discs were assessed in human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs).

    Main Results:

    • Optimal nanoplex coating was achieved at an N/P ratio of 10 (N/P-10), yielding 75% cell viability and 14% transfection efficiency.
    • PEI/pBMP-2 nanoplex treatment significantly increased BMP-2 protein secretion and enhanced Runx-2, alkaline phosphatase, and osteocalcin gene expression in BMSCs.
    • BMSCs treated with nanoplex-coated CpTi discs showed increased calcium deposition, indicating enhanced osteogenesis.

    Conclusions:

    • PEI/pBMP-2 nanoplex (N/P-10)-coated CpTi discs demonstrate potential for inducing osteogenesis.
    • This coating strategy may significantly improve osseointegration of titanium implants.
    • The findings suggest a promising approach for enhancing implant success in challenging patient populations.