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Network Covalent Solids02:18

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Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 14, 2026

Scalable Syntheses of Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide using Cascade Design Oxidation and Highly Basic Reduction Reactions
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Versatile Graphene Oxide Putty-Like Material.

Yue Jiang1, Huibo Shao1, Changxia Li1

  • 1Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|October 6, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new graphene oxide putty (GOP) offers excellent moldability for creating complex 3D structures and patterned devices. This versatile material enables easy fabrication of microscopic and macroscopic architectures for large-scale device production.

Keywords:
anilinegraphene oxideplasticineprocessability

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Graphene oxide (GO) is a promising material due to its unique properties.
  • Developing processable GO-based materials is crucial for advanced applications.
  • Existing methods often lack the versatility for complex structure fabrication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a versatile, putty-like graphene oxide material (GOP).
  • To demonstrate the ease of molding GOP into arbitrary micro- and macro-architectures.
  • To explore GOP's potential for 3D printing and patterned device fabrication.

Main Methods:

  • Mediating a graphene oxide suspension with aniline to form GOP.
  • Utilizing the putty-like nature of GOP for manual molding.
  • Applying GOP as a feedstock for direct 3D printing.
  • Patterning GOP onto various substrates.

Main Results:

  • Successfully synthesized a versatile graphene oxide putty (GOP) with high processability.
  • Demonstrated facile molding of GOP into predesigned microscopic and macroscopic architectures.
  • Showcased GOP's utility as a 3D printing material for specific configurations.
  • Confirmed GOP's adaptability for creating patterned structures on substrates for device arrays.

Conclusions:

  • Graphene oxide putty (GOP) presents a highly processable and versatile material.
  • GOP facilitates the fabrication of complex, arbitrarily designed structures.
  • The material is suitable for both direct 3D printing and large-scale patterned device manufacturing.