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Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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Pericarditis is defined as the inflammation of the pericardium, the thin, sac-like membrane surrounding the heart. This condition can cause significant chest pain and other symptoms, often necessitating medical intervention. The pericardium has two layers: the inner visceral layer and the outer parietal layer, separated by a small amount of fluid that reduces friction during heartbeats.Types of PericarditisPericarditis can be classified into several types based on the duration and nature of the...
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Understanding the variety of primary symptoms and systemic complications that characterize chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is crucial for healthcare professionals.
Symptoms of COPD can be classified as primary or systemic. Primary symptoms relate to reduced airflow, while systemic or extrapulmonary symptoms relate to COPD's broader impact on the body.
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Pericarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:19

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Pericarditis is distinguished by inflammation of the pericardium, the fibrous sac that encases the heart. It can be acute, lasting less than six weeks, or chronic, persisting for over three months. Understanding its clinical manifestations and diagnostic findings is crucial for timely and effective management.Clinical ManifestationsWhile pericarditis can be asymptomatic, it usually presents with characteristic symptoms such as:Chest Pain: The most characteristic symptom of pericarditis is chest...
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The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
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An Adoptive Transfer Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Mice
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Relapsing polychondritis.

Hakan Emmungil1, Sibel Zehra Aydın1

  • 1Department of Rheumatology, Koç University Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey.

European Journal of Rheumatology
|October 7, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Relapsing polychondritis (RPC) is a rare autoimmune disease affecting cartilage. This review covers its diverse symptoms, unknown causes, and personalized treatment approaches.

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Relapsing polychondritis (RPC) is a rare autoimmune disorder characterized by recurrent inflammation of cartilaginous structures.
  • It commonly affects auricular, nasal, and tracheal cartilage, but can also involve cardiovascular, cutaneous, and ocular systems.
  • The exact pathogenesis remains elusive, though a genetic predisposition is suspected.

Approach:

  • This study provides a comprehensive review of existing literature on relapsing polychondritis.
  • It synthesizes data on clinical presentations, etiological factors, diagnostic criteria, and therapeutic strategies.
  • Emphasis is placed on the heterogeneity of the disease and the need for individualized management.

Key Points:

  • Clinical manifestations of RPC are highly variable, ranging from mild to severe systemic involvement.
Keywords:
Relapsing polychondritisclinicsreview

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  • A significant proportion of patients (one-third) present with concomitant conditions like myelodysplasia or other autoimmune diseases.
  • Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective management.

    • Conclusions:

    • Relapsing polychondritis requires a personalized treatment approach tailored to disease activity and severity.
    • Further research into its pathogenesis is needed to develop targeted therapies.
    • Multidisciplinary care is often necessary for optimal patient outcomes.