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Updated: Mar 14, 2026

Author Spotlight: Effect of Left Atrial Ligation on Avian Embryonic Hearts and HLHS Implications
Published on: June 16, 2023
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome: current perspectives
Christopher E Greenleaf1, J Miguel Urencio1, Jorge D Salazar1
1University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson MS 39216, USA.
Abstract:
Since the first successful intervention for hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) was undertaken by Norwood in 1983, there have been many advancements in the pre-, intra-, and postoperative care of these children for a diagnosis that just 25 years ago was almost certainly a fatal one. This paper aims to describe the most recent trends and perspectives on the treatment of HLHS. In particular, we will discuss the five current options for HLHS, including Norwood stage I as the beginning to 3-stage palliation, transplant, true hybrid, hybrid-bridge-to-Norwood, and compassionate care.
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