Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals II03:35

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals II

50.0K
sp3d and sp3d 2 Hybridization
50.0K
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

11.5K
Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
11.5K
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

31.5K
Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
31.5K
Predicting Molecular Geometry02:27

Predicting Molecular Geometry

46.8K
VSEPR Theory for Determination of Electron Pair Geometries
46.8K
Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes01:09

Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes

922
In complexation reactions, metal cations are the electron pair acceptors, and the ligands are the electron pair donors. The stability of the metal complexes depends primarily on the complexing ability of the central metal ion and the nature of the ligands. Generally, the complexing ability of the metal ion depends on the size and charge of the ion. As the metal ion size increases, the stability of the metal complexes decreases, provided that the valency of the metal ion and the ligands remain...
922
Electrophiles02:28

Electrophiles

13.2K
This lesson explains the definition, classification, and characteristic features of an electrophile that are key features of nucleophilic substitution reactions. An analysis of their charge and orbital picture helps understand their reactivity for seeking electrons. Electrophiles can be classified into positive and neutral species. Other classes include free radicals and polar functional groups.
While a positive electrophile, like a proton, reacts due to its vacant, low-energy 1s orbital, the...
13.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Ostwald Ripening of Liquid-Metal-Grown Micropattern-Confined Crystals by Solid-Phase Diffusion.

Nano letters·2026
Same author

Interface Stability and Kinetics of Sulfide Electrolytes in all-Solid-State Batteries.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same author

Observing growth of metallic crystals inside liquid metal solvents.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

On-Surface Synthesis of a Nitrogen-Doped Curved Cycloarene: π-Extended Pentaazaquintulene and Its Gold Complex.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2025
Same author

High-Performance Phthalonitrile Resins Partially Derived from a Furan Bio-Based Chemical Platform.

ChemSusChem·2025
Same author

Combined role of H<sub>2</sub>O and O<sub>2</sub> adsorbates on the persistent UV photoconductivity of perfectly square SnO<sub>2</sub> nanotubes.

Nanoscale·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 14, 2026

In Situ SIMS and IR Spectroscopy of Well-defined Surfaces Prepared by Soft Landing of Mass-selected Ions
10:22

In Situ SIMS and IR Spectroscopy of Well-defined Surfaces Prepared by Soft Landing of Mass-selected Ions

Published on: June 16, 2014

19.0K

Phosphine passivated gold clusters: how charge transfer affects electronic structure and stability.

Doreen Mollenhauer1, Nicola Gaston2

  • 1Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392, Giessen, Germany. doreen.mollenhauer@phys.chemie.uni-giessen.de.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP
|October 7, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Charge transfer significantly impacts the stability of small phosphine-protected gold clusters, overriding size effects. This finding is crucial for understanding superatomic structures in these gold clusters.

More Related Videos

Preparation and Reactivity of a Triphosphenium Bromide Salt: A Convenient and Stable Source of PhosphorusI
08:46

Preparation and Reactivity of a Triphosphenium Bromide Salt: A Convenient and Stable Source of PhosphorusI

Published on: November 22, 2016

8.3K
Synthesis of Near-Infrared Emitting Gold Nanoclusters for Biological Applications
09:11

Synthesis of Near-Infrared Emitting Gold Nanoclusters for Biological Applications

Published on: March 22, 2020

8.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 14, 2026

In Situ SIMS and IR Spectroscopy of Well-defined Surfaces Prepared by Soft Landing of Mass-selected Ions
10:22

In Situ SIMS and IR Spectroscopy of Well-defined Surfaces Prepared by Soft Landing of Mass-selected Ions

Published on: June 16, 2014

19.0K
Preparation and Reactivity of a Triphosphenium Bromide Salt: A Convenient and Stable Source of PhosphorusI
08:46

Preparation and Reactivity of a Triphosphenium Bromide Salt: A Convenient and Stable Source of PhosphorusI

Published on: November 22, 2016

8.3K
Synthesis of Near-Infrared Emitting Gold Nanoclusters for Biological Applications
09:11

Synthesis of Near-Infrared Emitting Gold Nanoclusters for Biological Applications

Published on: March 22, 2020

8.5K

Area of Science:

  • Computational Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Small gold clusters are promising for catalysis and electronics.
  • Understanding ligand-cluster interactions is key to controlling their properties.
  • Superatom theory explains unique electronic behaviors in metal clusters.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically evaluate factors influencing stability in phosphine-protected gold clusters (Au6-9).
  • To investigate the roles of size, shape, and charge on cluster stability and electronic structure.
  • To explore the emergence and characteristics of superatomic states in these systems.

Main Methods:

  • Density Functional Theory (DFT) with dispersion correction was employed.
  • Systematic computational analysis of gold clusters with varying sizes and charges.
  • Analysis of electronic states, charge transfer, and HOMO-LUMO gaps.

Main Results:

  • Cluster charge per atom is more critical than system size for ligand-cluster interaction.
  • Strong charge transfer from phosphine ligands dictates binding strength.
  • Nascent superatomic states were observed, influenced by charge transfer, deviating from standard rules.
  • Specific charged clusters (Au7(PPh3)7+, Au8(PPh3)82+) showed enhanced stability with increased HOMO-LUMO gaps.

Conclusions:

  • Charge transfer effects are paramount in determining the stability of phosphine-gold clusters.
  • The superatomic concept is vital for interpreting the stability of these ligand-protected gold systems.
  • Computational findings align with experimental observations, validating the study's approach.