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Related Concept Videos

Lymphoid Cells and Tissues01:18

Lymphoid Cells and Tissues

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Lymphoid cells and tissues are integral to the immune system, which is crucial in maintaining our body's defense against harmful pathogens. They form the building blocks of lymphoid organs, which include the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes.
Lymphoid cells consist of various types of immune system cells. These include B and T lymphocytes, which are responsible for producing antibodies and killing infected cells, respectively. Dendritic cells act as messengers between the innate and adaptive...
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Secondary Lymphoid Organs01:15

Secondary Lymphoid Organs

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Secondary organs, including lymph nodes, the spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), work harmoniously to protect us from disease and infection.
The spleen is a vital organ in the lymphatic system, nestled in the upper left side of the abdomen. It is composed of two primary regions: the red pulp and the white pulp, each having distinct functions. The red pulp performs a significant role in blood filtration. It efficiently purges the blood of old or damaged red blood cells and...
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Primary Lymphoid Organs01:16

Primary Lymphoid Organs

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Primary lymphoid organs are pivotal in the formation, development, and maturation of lymphocytes, the white blood cells that serve as the backbone of our immune system. This crucial function underscores their fundamental role in maintaining our overall health and immunity. The two primary lymphoid organs of prime importance are the red bone marrow and the thymus.
The red bone marrow is a soft, spongy tissue nestled in the interior of long bones such as the humerus and femur. It is the site...
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Detailed Structure and Function of Lymph Nodes01:23

Detailed Structure and Function of Lymph Nodes

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Lymph nodes are bean-shaped structures that cluster along the lymphatic vessels in the inguinal, axillary, and cervical regions. Each node is divided into compartments by a capsule that extends trabeculae inward.
From a histological perspective, lymph nodes can be split into two main areas: the superficial cortex and the deep medulla. The outer cortex is populated by dendritic cells, macrophages, and B lymphocytes, which are densely packed into follicles. When these B-lymphocytes are presented...
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Lymphatic Vessels and Lymph Transport01:16

Lymphatic Vessels and Lymph Transport

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Lymphatic vessels, known as lymphatics, are crucial in transporting lymph from peripheral tissues to our venous system. This process begins with lymph entering through tiny capillaries that branch through tissues. These capillaries have unique features such as larger diameters, thinner walls, and a distinctive one-way valve system formed by overlapping endothelial cells.
This one-way system allows fluids, solutes, and even pathogens to enter but prevents their return to the intercellular...
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Disorders of Leukocytes01:27

Disorders of Leukocytes

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Leukocyte disorders can lead to either leukopenia, characterized by an abnormally low leukocyte count, or leukocytosis, marked by a very high leukocyte number.
Leukopenia may result from bone marrow disorders, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases. For example, conditions such as multiple myeloma and aplastic anemia can impair the bone marrow's ability to produce adequate leukocytes. Similarly, autoimmune diseases like lupus and viral infections such as HIV can prompt the immune...
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Updated: Mar 14, 2026

Isolation of Human Lymphatic Endothelial Cells by Multi-parameter Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorting
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Lymphomas-Part 1.

Lara A Brandão1, Mauricio Castillo2

  • 1Radiologic Department, Clínica Felippe Mattoso, Fleury Medicina Diagnóstica, Avenida das Américas 700, sala 320, Barra Da Tijuca, Rio De Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro CEP 22640-100, Brazil; Radiologic Department, Clínica IRM-Ressonância Magnética, Rua Capitão Salomão, Humaitá, Rio De Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro CEP 22271-040, Brazil.

Neuroimaging Clinics of North America
|October 8, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Primary central nervous system lymphomas are aggressive tumors with increasing incidence. Advanced MRI techniques improve diagnostic confidence and differentiation from other brain tumors.

Keywords:
CNS lymphomaDiffusion tensor imagingDiffusion-weighted imagingDynamic contrast enhanced MR imagingImaging findings in lymphomaMR spectroscopyPerfusion-weighted imagingPosttreatment evaluation

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Multiplexed Fluorescent Immunohistochemical Staining, Imaging, and Analysis in Histological Samples of Lymphoma
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroradiology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSLs) are aggressive, high-cell-density tumors.
  • PCNSLs show a recent increase in incidence, even in immunocompetent individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review imaging findings of PCNSLs using conventional and advanced MR techniques.
  • To highlight the role of imaging in diagnosing and differentiating PCNSLs from other intracranial tumors.

Main Methods:

  • Review of computed tomography (CT) and conventional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings.
  • Discussion of advanced MR imaging techniques: diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), MR spectroscopy (MRS), perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI), and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) studies.
  • Analysis of imaging changes related to steroid therapy.

Main Results:

  • Conventional CT and MR imaging provide essential findings for suggesting PCNSL diagnosis.
  • Advanced MR techniques significantly increase diagnostic confidence and aid in distinguishing PCNSLs from other aggressive intracranial tumors.
  • Steroid therapy can alter the imaging appearance of PCNSLs.

Conclusions:

  • Familiarity with imaging findings on CT and conventional MR is crucial for initial diagnosis.
  • Advanced MR imaging techniques are vital for improving diagnostic accuracy and differential diagnosis of PCNSLs.
  • Understanding imaging changes post-steroid therapy is important for accurate interpretation.