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Long non-coding RNAs in anti-cancer drug resistance

Qin-Nan Chen1, Chen-Chen Wei1, Zhao-Xia Wang1

  • 1Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.

Oncotarget
|October 8, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) significantly contribute to chemotherapy drug resistance in various cancers. Understanding lncRNA mechanisms offers potential for novel cancer treatment strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Chemotherapy is a cornerstone of cancer treatment, but drug resistance frequently leads to treatment failure.
  • Mechanisms of chemoresistance are complex, involving factors like drug efflux, DNA repair, apoptosis, and target mutations.
  • Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are increasingly recognized for their regulatory roles in biological processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms by which lncRNAs mediate chemoresistance in various cancers.
  • To explore the therapeutic potential of targeting lncRNAs for overcoming drug resistance in cancer treatment.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes current research on lncRNAs and their involvement in cancer drug resistance.
  • Literature search focused on studies investigating lncRNA function in breast, gastric, and lung cancers, among others.
  • Analysis of reported mechanisms including lncRNA-mediated regulation of drug efflux, DNA repair, apoptosis, and target mutations.

Main Results:

  • lncRNAs play crucial roles in the development of chemoresistance across multiple cancer types.
  • Dysregulation of specific lncRNAs can affect various cellular pathways, leading to reduced sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents.
  • lncRNAs have been implicated in resistance through mechanisms such as modulating drug targets and affecting DNA damage response.

Conclusions:

  • lncRNAs are key regulators of chemotherapy resistance in cancer.
  • Targeting lncRNAs presents a promising therapeutic strategy to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy and overcome drug resistance.
Keywords:
cancerchemotherapydrug resistancelong non-coding RNAstargets

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