Lambda Interferons: New Cytokines with Old Functions

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Virology
• Molecular Biology

Background:

• Interferon lambda (IFN-λ) belongs to the class II cytokine family, characterized by small helical protein structures.
• Significant research has focused on elucidating the roles of IFN-λ in both innate and adaptive immunity.
• Its potent antiviral activity in vitro and in vivo confirms its classification as an interferon.

Approach:

• This review synthesizes knowledge on interferon lambda structure and function over the past six years.
• It examines the specific cellular and tissue responses to IFN-λ, contrasting them with type I interferons.
• The review discusses emerging data on IFN-λ's influence on adaptive immune responses.

Key Points:

• IFN-λ induces an antiviral state in responsive cells.
• Unlike type I interferons, IFN-λ elicits responses in a limited range of cells and tissues.
• Recent data suggest a role for IFN-λ in modulating adaptive immunity, though findings are not entirely consistent.

Conclusions:

• Interferon lambda demonstrates significant therapeutic promise for viral infections, particularly those affecting airway epithelia.
• IFN-λ is currently undergoing clinical trials for treating Hepatitis C Virus.
• Further research is needed to fully understand and reconcile the effects of IFN-λ on the adaptive immune system.