Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

49.6K
The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
49.6K
Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

13.7K
The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
13.7K
Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

13.7K
Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
13.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Inflammatory bowel disease in the aging population.

Inflammatory bowel diseases·2026
Same author

Multi-task artificial intelligence annotation of echocardiographic images: a retrospective multi-cohort study.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026
Same author

Dual-targeted therapy with risankizumab and upadacitinib in medically complex Crohn's disease.

Crohn's & colitis 360·2026
Same author

Impact of Upadacitinib on Cardiovascular Events and Lipid Values in Older Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients with Baseline Cardiovascular Risk.

The American journal of gastroenterology·2026
Same author

Combining Guselkumab with Upadacitinib Is Safe and Effective in the Treatment of Medically Complex Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Digestive diseases and sciences·2026
Same author

Primer: Understanding Medicare for Advanced Therapies for Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

The American journal of gastroenterology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 14, 2026

Coculture of Axotomized Rat Retinal Ganglion Neurons with Olfactory Ensheathing Glia, as an In Vitro Model of Adult Axonal Regeneration
07:57

Coculture of Axotomized Rat Retinal Ganglion Neurons with Olfactory Ensheathing Glia, as an In Vitro Model of Adult Axonal Regeneration

Published on: November 2, 2020

4.3K

Common olfactory ensheathing glial markers in the developing human olfactory system.

Karen Oprych1, Daniel Cotfas2, David Choi2,3

  • 1Department of Brain, Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK. k.gladwin@ucl.ac.uk.

Brain Structure & Function
|October 9, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Human olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) differ from rodents in key surface marker expression. P75NTR is not found on fetal OECs, aiding their isolation for cell therapies.

Keywords:
FoetalHumanImmunocytochemistryOECOlfactory bulbOlfactory ensheathing cells

More Related Videos

The Olfactory System as a Model to Study Axonal Growth Patterns and Morphology In Vivo
08:29

The Olfactory System as a Model to Study Axonal Growth Patterns and Morphology In Vivo

Published on: October 30, 2014

11.4K
Transplantation of Olfactory Ensheathing Cells to Evaluate Functional Recovery after Peripheral Nerve Injury
10:33

Transplantation of Olfactory Ensheathing Cells to Evaluate Functional Recovery after Peripheral Nerve Injury

Published on: February 23, 2014

12.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 14, 2026

Coculture of Axotomized Rat Retinal Ganglion Neurons with Olfactory Ensheathing Glia, as an In Vitro Model of Adult Axonal Regeneration
07:57

Coculture of Axotomized Rat Retinal Ganglion Neurons with Olfactory Ensheathing Glia, as an In Vitro Model of Adult Axonal Regeneration

Published on: November 2, 2020

4.3K
The Olfactory System as a Model to Study Axonal Growth Patterns and Morphology In Vivo
08:29

The Olfactory System as a Model to Study Axonal Growth Patterns and Morphology In Vivo

Published on: October 30, 2014

11.4K
Transplantation of Olfactory Ensheathing Cells to Evaluate Functional Recovery after Peripheral Nerve Injury
10:33

Transplantation of Olfactory Ensheathing Cells to Evaluate Functional Recovery after Peripheral Nerve Injury

Published on: February 23, 2014

12.3K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology
  • Immunocytochemistry

Background:

  • Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) are crucial for olfactory system function and regeneration.
  • Previous OEC research primarily used animal models, leaving human OEC characteristics largely unknown.
  • Understanding human OEC markers is vital for developing OEC-based clinical therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the in situ immunocytochemical properties of human fetal OECs.
  • To identify reliable surface markers for isolating human OECs.
  • To compare human OEC marker expression with that of rodent models.

Main Methods:

  • Immunocytochemical analysis of the human fetal olfactory system (11-19 pcw).
  • Evaluation of key surface markers including P75NTR, S100, vimentin, SOX10, GFAP, O4, and PSA-NCAM.
  • Comparison of marker expression in OECs versus surrounding Schwann cells and fibroblasts.

Main Results:

  • Human fetal OECs express S100, vimentin, and SOX10, with low GFAP expression.
  • P75NTR was absent in OECs but present in Schwann cells and fibroblasts, suggesting its utility for cell sorting.
  • O4 and PSA-NCAM showed ambiguous and heterogeneous expression, deeming them unsuitable for OEC purification.

Conclusions:

  • Human fetal OECs exhibit distinct antigenic characteristics compared to rodent OECs.
  • P75NTR expression can differentiate OECs from Schwann cells and fibroblasts, facilitating OEC isolation.
  • Validated human-specific markers are essential for translating OEC-based therapies from animal models to clinical applications.