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miRNA clusters as therapeutic targets for hormone-resistant breast cancer

Gianpiero Di Leva1, Douglas G Cheung1, Carlo M Croce1

  • 1Department of Molecular Virology Immunology and Medical Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.

Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism
|October 11, 2016
PubMed

Insights

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators in breast cancer. This review explores how specific miRNAs influence response and resistance to endocrine therapies like tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Oncology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs regulating gene expression.
  • Aberrant miRNA expression is implicated in cancer development and progression.
  • Estrogen Receptor alpha (ERα) signaling is crucial in breast cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of miRNAs in breast cancer.
  • To examine miRNA involvement in endocrine therapy response and resistance.
  • To highlight specific miRNAs associated with resistance to tamoxifen, fulvestrant, and aromatase inhibitors.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific articles.
  • Analysis of miRNA roles in cellular processes and cancer.
  • Focus on miRNA involvement in endocrine therapy resistance mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • miRNAs regulate vital cellular functions disrupted in cancer.
  • Specific miRNAs are linked to tamoxifen resistance (e.g., miR-221/222, let-7 family).
  • Other miRNAs are associated with fulvestrant (e.g., miR-200 family) and aromatase inhibitor resistance (e.g., miR-128, let-7 family).

Conclusions:

  • miRNAs play a significant role in breast cancer pathogenesis.
  • miRNAs are critical mediators of resistance to endocrine therapies.
  • Targeting specific miRNAs may offer novel therapeutic strategies for overcoming endocrine resistance.

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