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Measurement of Neurophysiological Signals of Ignoring and Attending Processes in Attention Control

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Measuring Mentalizing Ability: A Within-Subject Comparison between an Explicit and Implicit Version of a Ball

Annabel D Nijhof¹, Marcel Brass¹, Lara Bardi¹

¹Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.

|October 11, 2016

Summary

This study found that explicit and implicit mentalizing processes similarly affect belief processing, with no additional benefit from explicit awareness. This suggests comparable belief effects regardless of conscious mentalizing.

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Transferring Cognitive Tasks Between Brain Imaging Modalities: Implications for Task Design and Results Interpretation in fMRI Studies

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Neuroscience
Social Cognition

Background:

Mentalizing, the ability to understand others' mental states, is typically studied explicitly.
Emerging evidence suggests implicit mentalizing also occurs, but direct comparisons are lacking.
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is hypothesized to involve deficits in implicit mentalizing.

Purpose of the Study:

To directly contrast implicit and explicit mentalizing effects on an implicit measure within-subjects.
To investigate if explicit mentalizing offers additional belief processing benefits beyond implicit mentalizing.
To explore the relationship between ASD symptomatology and implicit/explicit mentalizing.

Main Methods:

A within-subjects design using two versions of an object detection task (implicit vs. explicit).
Participants viewed movies where beliefs about a ball's location influenced reaction times.
Post-task questionnaires assessed mentalizing awareness and ASD symptomatology.

Main Results:

Both implicit and explicit mentalizing conditions significantly affected reaction times, showing slower responses when beliefs conflicted.
Participants reported no explicit awareness of mentalizing after the implicit task version.
No correlation was found between ASD symptoms and either implicit or explicit mentalizing in the neurotypical sample.

Conclusions:

Implicit and explicit mentalizing yield similar belief effects on reaction times.
Explicit mentalizing does not appear to confer additional processing advantages.
The findings challenge the notion of a specific deficit in implicit mentalizing in ASD within this sample.