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Related Concept Videos

Pericarditis I: Introduction01:22

Pericarditis I: Introduction

560
Pericarditis is defined as the inflammation of the pericardium, the thin, sac-like membrane surrounding the heart. This condition can cause significant chest pain and other symptoms, often necessitating medical intervention. The pericardium has two layers: the inner visceral layer and the outer parietal layer, separated by a small amount of fluid that reduces friction during heartbeats.Types of PericarditisPericarditis can be classified into several types based on the duration and nature of the...
560
Pericarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:19

Pericarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

460
Pericarditis is distinguished by inflammation of the pericardium, the fibrous sac that encases the heart. It can be acute, lasting less than six weeks, or chronic, persisting for over three months. Understanding its clinical manifestations and diagnostic findings is crucial for timely and effective management.Clinical ManifestationsWhile pericarditis can be asymptomatic, it usually presents with characteristic symptoms such as:Chest Pain: The most characteristic symptom of pericarditis is chest...
460
Pericarditis III: Medical Management01:17

Pericarditis III: Medical Management

474
The primary objectives of managing pericarditis are to determine the underlying cause, provide effective therapy for treatment and symptom relief, and promptly detect signs and symptoms of cardiac tamponade. The following outlines the essential aspects of medical management for pericarditis:ObjectivesDetermine the Cause: Identifying the underlying cause of pericarditis is crucial for targeted treatment. Causes include viral infections, autoimmune diseases, post-cardiac injury syndrome, and...
474
Pericarditis IV: Nursing Management01:25

Pericarditis IV: Nursing Management

516
Pericarditis, an inflammation of the pericardium, necessitates diligent nursing management to ensure effective patient care and recovery. The initial step in managing pericarditis is a comprehensive patient medical assessment.The patient reports chest pain aggravated by breathing, coughing, and swallowing, which worsens when lying supine. The pain often improves when sitting up and leaning forward. Additional symptoms may include fever, malaise, and, in severe cases, signs of heart failure.
516
Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

401
Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle. The symptoms vary widely, encompassing asymptomatic presentations to severe, acute manifestations.Clinical PresentationAsymptomatic cases: In some instances, myocarditis may be asymptomatic, with the infection resolving without intervention. These cases often go undetected unless discovered incidentally through diagnostic imaging or tests conducted for other reasons.General Early Symptoms: Early symptoms of myocarditis are non-specific and can...
401
Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

735
Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
735

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An Intact Pericardium Ischemic Rodent Model
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Recurrent Pericarditis.

Massimo Imazio1, Elena Gribaudo1, Fiorenzo Gaita1

  • 1University Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical Sciences, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino and University of Torino, Torino, Italy.

Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases
|October 12, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Recurrent pericarditis, a common complication, often stems from immune causes. New therapies are emerging, but further trials are needed to confirm their efficacy.

Keywords:
Cardiac magnetic resonanceDiagnosisEchocardiographyEtiologyPericarditisPrognosisRecurrent pericarditisTherapy

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Recurrent pericarditis affects 20-50% of patients, posing a significant clinical challenge.
  • Its immune-mediated pathogenesis requires further elucidation for targeted therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the pathogenesis of recurrent pericarditis.
  • To review current and potential future therapeutic strategies.
  • To assess the long-term outcomes and risks associated with recurrent pericarditis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on pathogenesis, imaging, and treatment of recurrent pericarditis.
  • Analysis of existing data on refractory cases and novel therapeutic agents.
  • Evaluation of long-term prognosis and complication risks, including constrictive pericarditis.

Main Results:

  • Cardiac magnetic resonance and computed tomography show promise in diagnosing difficult cases.
  • Refractory cases with corticosteroid dependence and colchicine resistance present a therapeutic challenge.
  • Azathioprine, intravenous immunoglobulins, and biological agents are potential treatments, requiring further clinical trials.
  • Idiopathic recurrent pericarditis generally has a good long-term outcome without mortality.
  • The risk of constrictive pericarditis is linked to etiology, not recurrence frequency.

Conclusions:

  • Clarifying the immune-mediated pathogenesis is crucial for developing effective, etiology-oriented treatments.
  • Advanced imaging aids in managing complex recurrent pericarditis cases.
  • While idiopathic recurrent pericarditis has a favorable prognosis, the risk of constriction depends on the underlying cause.