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Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.
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Personality types, particularly Type A and Type B, significantly influence how individuals respond to stress. These personality distinctions are marked by varying levels of ambition, competitiveness, and coping styles, all of which shape an individual's resilience to stressors.
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Schizophrenia, a complex psychiatric disorder, has been historically misunderstood. Early psychological theories attributed its origins to childhood trauma and unresponsive parenting. However, contemporary research largely rejects these notions, favoring the vulnerability-stress hypothesis. This model proposes that individuals with a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia may develop the disorder following exposure to significant environmental stressors. Notably, studies on high-risk...
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Telomere Length and Telomerase Activity; A Yin and Yang of Cell Senescence
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Acculturation Predicts Negative Affect and Shortened Telomere Length.

R Jeanne Ruiz1, Jerome Trzeciakowski2, Tiffany Moore3

  • 11 College of Nursing, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA.

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|October 14, 2016
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Summary

Acculturation may accelerate cellular aging in Hispanic Mexican American women, indicated by shorter telomere length (TL). This suggests potential negative health outcomes linked to the acculturation process and psychological stress.

Keywords:
Hispanicacculturationcellular agingpregnancystresstelomeres

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics and Aging Research
  • Sociology and Public Health
  • Psychoneuroimmunology

Background:

  • Chronic stress is linked to accelerated cellular aging.
  • Telomeres (TL) serve as biomarkers for cellular aging and stress effects.
  • Acculturation, the process of cultural change, can be a significant stressor.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate telomere length (TL) in acculturating Hispanic Mexican American women.
  • To determine associations between TL, acculturation, and psychological factors (stress, depression, discrimination).

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study of 56 pregnant Hispanic Mexican American women.
  • Quantitative telomere polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to measure TL from blood samples.
  • Validated scales used to measure acculturation, depression, discrimination, and perceived stress.

Main Results:

  • Telomere length (TL) was negatively correlated with acculturation variables (Anglo orientation, overall acculturation score).
  • Acculturation and negative affectivity (depression, stress, discrimination) were bidirectionally correlated.
  • Acculturation significantly predicted shorter TL, suggesting accelerated cellular aging.

Conclusions:

  • Findings suggest a link between acculturation and shorter telomere length (TL) in this population.
  • Accelerated cellular aging may be associated with acculturation and negative psychological factors.
  • This cellular aging mechanism may contribute to adverse health outcomes in Hispanic women.