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Related Concept Videos

Stress Prevention and Stress Management Techniques IV01:26

Stress Prevention and Stress Management Techniques IV

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Stress often leads to unhealthy habits like smoking, excessive drinking, and overeating, which offer short-term relief but ultimately increase long-term health risks. These behaviors create a cycle that temporarily lowers stress levels but can result in severe long-term health consequences. Breaking these habits is essential to reduce the risk of chronic diseases and improve overall well-being. Three primary changes that support better health include quitting smoking, reducing alcohol intake,...
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Stress Prevention and Stress Management Techniques III01:25

Stress Prevention and Stress Management Techniques III

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Regular exercise and meditation serve as essential tools in managing stress and promoting physical and mental well-being.
The Role of Exercise in Stress Management
Regular physical activity is essential for reducing stress and promoting cardiovascular health. Exercise strengthens the heart, enhances blood flow, keeps blood vessels flexible, and helps lower blood pressure, all of which reduce the body's stress response. Research shows that adults who exercise regularly have nearly half the...
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Physiological Foundation of Stress01:24

Physiological Foundation of Stress

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Stress triggers a coordinated physiological response involving the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. This dual activation ensures that the body is prepared for both immediate and prolonged stress management. The process begins with the perception of a stressor. This initial phase activates the SNS, leading to the rapid release of adrenaline (epinephrine) from the adrenal glands.
Role of the Sympathetic Nervous System
Adrenaline triggers the...
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Stress Prevention and Stress Management Techniques II01:23

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Personality types, particularly Type A and Type B, significantly influence how individuals respond to stress. These personality distinctions are marked by varying levels of ambition, competitiveness, and coping styles, all of which shape an individual's resilience to stressors.
Type A Personality: Driven and Easily Stressed
Individuals with Type A personalities are often highly competitive and ambitious and operate with a strong sense of urgency. Commonly labeled as...
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Stress Prevention and Stress Management Techniques VI01:30

Stress Prevention and Stress Management Techniques VI

241
Adopting a healthier lifestyle often requires overcoming significant challenges, but leveraging psychological, social, and cultural resources can facilitate meaningful change. Effective self-change hinges on understanding and applying key tools such as motivation and goal setting, which help sustain efforts toward long-term health benefits.
Motivation and Self-Determination
Motivation, the driving force behind behavior, plays a pivotal role at every stage of the change process. The research...
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Stress Prevention and Stress Management Techniques V01:28

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A social support system is a structured network of personal relationships that provides assistance to individuals facing various challenges, offering a buffer against psychological and physical stressors. This network may consist of family members, friends, neighbors, colleagues, or other community members who provide resources and companionship. Social support can take many forms, including advice, emotional comfort, practical help, and companionship. Research indicates that these networks can...
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Updated: Jan 17, 2026

Clinical Practice Protocol of Creative Music Therapy for Preterm Infants and Their Parents in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
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Improving outcomes for preterm infants: Mitigating stress exposure.

Marliese Dion Nist1, Nicole Cistone1, Rita H Pickler1

  • 1Martha S. Pitzer Center for Women, Children, and Youth, College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, 1577 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.

Seminars in Perinatology
|September 20, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) stress from routine care and parental separation impacts preterm infant brain development. Interventions are needed to mitigate these common, yet overlooked, exposures and improve long-term outcomes.

Keywords:
HospitalizationInfant, prematureIntensive care units, neonatalParents

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal neuroscience
  • Developmental psychology
  • Pediatric critical care

Background:

  • Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) hospitalization exposes preterm infants to ubiquitous stress during critical brain development.
  • Immature brains are sensitive to environmental exposures, but NICU experiences often mismatch neurologic expectations.
  • This mismatch can lead to abnormal brain development and stress response programming.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of the effects of routine nursing care and parental separation on preterm infants.
  • To identify these as persistent NICU stressors impacting infant well-being.
  • To offer recommendations for interventions to mitigate negative effects.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on NICU stressors.
  • Analysis of the impact of routine nursing care on infant stress.
  • Examination of the effects of parental separation on infant stress.

Main Results:

  • Routine nursing care and parental separation are significant, often overlooked, sources of stress for preterm infants.
  • These experiences contribute to abnormal brain development and stress system programming.
  • Interventions targeting caregiving practices and parental presence can mitigate stress.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the specific contributions of nursing care and parental separation is crucial for developing effective interventions.
  • Nurses and care providers can implement changes to reduce the stress burden on preterm infants.
  • System-level changes are recommended to optimize the NICU environment for better infant outcomes.