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Does Zoning Winter Recreationists Reduce Recreation Conflict?

Aubrey D Miller1, Jerry J Vaske2, John R Squires3

  • 1Department of Human Dimensions of Natural Resources, Colorado State University, 1480 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA. aubrey.miller@otago.ac.nz.

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Summary

Zoning in protected areas aims to reduce recreation conflict. However, mixed-use areas, especially groomed routes, still cause conflict for non-motorized users despite management efforts.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Management
  • Recreation Ecology
  • Human Dimensions of Wildlife Management

Background:

  • Protected area managers utilize zoning to mitigate interpersonal conflict among diverse recreationists.
  • Recreation zoning, often segregating motorized and non-motorized activities, seeks to minimize user interaction.
  • The effectiveness of such zoning strategies in reducing conflict requires empirical investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of zoning in diminishing recreation-related conflict at Vail Pass Winter Recreation Area.
  • To test the hypothesis that conflict arises from shared use of specific areas, particularly groomed routes.
  • To inform management strategies for enhancing zoning effectiveness in multi-use recreational landscapes.

Main Methods:

  • Geospatial analysis of 1,233,449 Global Positioning System (GPS) points to identify zones of mixed motorized and non-motorized recreation.
  • Survey of 199 non-motorized recreationists to compare reported conflict levels between users of mixed-use and single-use areas.
  • Statistical analysis correlating recreationist behavior (GPS data) with reported conflict experiences (survey data).

Main Results:

  • A small percentage (0.7%) of the area experienced mixed recreation use but concentrated significant portions of both non-motorized (14.8%) and motorized (49.1%) activity.
  • Non-motorized recreationists using mixed-use areas reported significantly higher levels of interpersonal conflict across all measured variables.
  • Conflict was strongly associated with the overlap of motorized and non-motorized activities, particularly along groomed travel routes.

Conclusions:

  • Current zoning in Vail Pass is insufficient to prevent conflict, as mixed-use areas disproportionately attract and concentrate user groups.
  • Management strategies should focus on more effectively separating or managing activities within high-use, mixed-recreation zones.
  • Recommendations are provided to improve zoning effectiveness and reduce user-generated conflict in shared winter recreation areas.