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Related Concept Videos

The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Metastasis02:30

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Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
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Related Experiment Video

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Circulating Tumor Cell Lines: an Innovative Tool for Fundamental and Translational Research
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Circulating Tumor Cells: When a Solid Tumor Meets a Fluid Microenvironment.

Katarzyna A Rejniak1,2

  • 1Integrated Mathematical Oncology Department, Center of Excellence in Cancer Imaging and Technology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA. kasia@rejniak.net.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|October 15, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Metastasis involves tumor cells surviving hostile conditions in circulation. Understanding circulating tumor cell survival in blood and lymph is vital for cancer research and treatment.

Keywords:
Cell deformationCirculating tumor cellsComputational modelingImmersed boundary methodMetastatic cascadeTumor microemboli

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Biophysics
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Solid tumor dissemination relies on circulating tumor cells (CTCs) surviving transport via blood or lymph.
  • CTCs face a hostile intravascular microenvironment including hemodynamic forces, shear stress, and immune cell interactions.
  • Despite low efficiency, metastasis is responsible for most cancer-related deaths, highlighting the importance of CTC survival.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the intravascular microenvironment encountered by circulating tumor cells.
  • To summarize existing experimental and computational research on CTCs in circulation.
  • To model the intravascular transport of CTCs using computational principles.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of experimental and computational studies on CTCs.
  • Development and application of a mathematical model based on immersed boundary principles.
  • Analysis of the challenges CTCs face within the bloodstream.

Main Results:

  • Circulating tumor cells must overcome significant physical and immunological challenges to survive.
  • A small fraction of invasive cells successfully completes the metastatic process.
  • Mathematical modeling provides insights into CTC transport dynamics.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the intravascular survival mechanisms of CTCs is crucial for cancer research.
  • Further investigation into CTCs' intracellular properties and extracellular interactions is warranted.
  • Computational models can elucidate the complex processes of tumor cell dissemination.