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Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling01:11

Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling

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The reaction of weakly electrophilic aryldiazonium (also called arenediazonium) salts with highly activated aromatic compounds leads to the formation of products with an —N=N— link, called an azo linkage. This reaction, presented in Figure 1, is known as diazo coupling and occurs without the loss of the nitrogen atoms of the aryldiazonium salt. Highly activated aromatic compounds such as phenols or arylamines favor the diazo coupling reaction. The coupling generally occurs at the para...
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1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism01:37

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism

5.1K
Nitrous acid is a relatively weak and unstable acid prepared in situ by the reaction of sodium nitrite and cold, dilute hydrochloric acid. In an acidic solution, the nitrous acid undergoes protonation when it loses water to form a nitrosonium ion—an electrophile. Nitrous acid reacts with primary amines to give diazonium salts. The reaction is called diazotization of primary amines.
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Preparation of 1° Amines: Azide Synthesis01:22

Preparation of 1° Amines: Azide Synthesis

4.8K
Direct alkylation of ammonia produces polyalkylated amines, along with a quaternary ammonium salt. To exclusively prepare primary amines, the azide synthesis method can be used.
Azide ions act as good nucleophiles and react with unhindered alkyl halides to form alkyl azides. Alkyl azides do not participate in further nucleophilic substitution reactions, thereby eliminating the chances of polyalkylated products. Alkyl azides are reduced by hydride-based reducing agents, like lithium aluminum...
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Preparation of Amines: Reduction of Oximes and Nitro Compounds01:29

Preparation of Amines: Reduction of Oximes and Nitro Compounds

4.8K
Oximes can be reduced to primary amines using catalytic hydrogenation, hydride reduction, or sodium metal reduction. The reduction of aliphatic and aromatic nitro compounds to primary amines takes place by either catalytic hydrogenation or by using active metals like Fe, Zn, and Sn in the presence of an acid.
Though catalytic hydrogenation can reduce nitrobenzenes, the reduction is nonselective in the presence of other functional groups. For instance, if nitrobenzene contains an aldehyde group,...
4.8K
1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview01:26

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview

4.0K
Nitrous acid and nitric acids are two types of acids containing nitrogen, among which nitrous acid is weaker than nitric acid. Nitrous acid with a pKa value of 3.37 ionizes in water to give a nitrite ion and the hydronium ion.
The nitrous acid is unstable. Hence, it is formed in situ from a solution of sodium nitrite and cold aqueous acids such as hydrochloric or sulfuric acid. In an acidic solution, the –OH group of nitrous acid undergoes protonation to give oxonium ion, followed by...
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2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO201:20

2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO2

5.7K
Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosamines, as depicted in Figure 1. Nitrous acid, a weak and unstable acid, is formed in situ from an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, in cold conditions. In the presence of an acid, the nitrous acid gets protonated. The subsequent loss of water results in the formation of the electrophile known as nitrosonium ion.
5.7K

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Highly Efficient Nitric Oxide Capture by Azole-Based Ionic Liquids through Multiple-Site Absorption.

Kaihong Chen1, Guiling Shi1, Xiuyuan Zhou1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, ZJU-NHU United R&D Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P.R. China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|October 15, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new azole-based ionic liquid demonstrates highly efficient and reversible nitric oxide (NO) absorption, exceeding traditional methods. This breakthrough offers a promising new avenue for gas capture and utilization technologies.

Keywords:
absorptiongas capturegreen chemistryionic liquidsnitric oxide

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Environmental Chemistry

Background:

  • Nitric oxide (NO) is a significant air pollutant and a key molecule in various chemical processes.
  • Developing efficient and reversible absorbents for NO capture is crucial for environmental remediation and industrial applications.
  • Traditional absorbents often suffer from low capacity, poor selectivity, or irreversibility issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a novel azole-based ionic liquid with exceptionally high nitric oxide absorption capacity.
  • To investigate the mechanism behind the enhanced NO absorption.
  • To evaluate the reversibility and potential applications of this ionic liquid for gas capture.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental absorption studies to quantify NO uptake.
  • Quantum chemical calculations to elucidate interaction mechanisms.
  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy for structural analysis.

Main Results:

  • The azole-based ionic liquid achieved a remarkable NO absorption capacity of 4.52 mmol per mmol of ionic liquid.
  • The absorption process was found to be reversible, allowing for potential regeneration and reuse.
  • Spectroscopic and computational analyses revealed multiple-site interactions between NO and the ionic liquid anion, forming a NONOate structure.

Conclusions:

  • Azole-based ionic liquids represent a highly effective class of materials for nitric oxide capture.
  • The observed high capacity is attributed to specific chemical interactions facilitated by the ionic liquid's unique structure.
  • This research opens new possibilities for advanced gas capture and utilization technologies.